Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Ultrasonic-Assisted Catalytic System

Ngadi, Norzita; Nyuk, Lai; Alias, Hajar; Johari, Anwar; Rahman, Roshanida A.; Mohamad, Mohd Faizal

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.552

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since the reaction requires 3 moles of methanol for each one mole of triglyceride, high methanol/oil ratio should be required to yield 3 moles of fatty acid alkyl esters and one mole of glycerol (Encinar et al, 2018). In the present study, relatively low methanol/oil ratio (7:1) produced the highest cetane number and bioethanol yield, contradicting Ngadi et al (2015), in which high ratio (15:1) found to generate the highest bioethanol yield. This had to do with the reflux system employed in the study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Optimized Biodiesel Production from jatropha curcas oil

Musa¹,

Eric²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

Energy Research Journal

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In this study, a mathematical model for the trans-esterification reaction of Jatropha curcas seed Oil (JCO) was developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in terms of some operational variables, namely: temperature (50 to 80°C), catalyst concentration (0.7 to 1% in relation to oil mass) and methanol/oil ratio (3:1-9:1), at fixed reaction time (90 min) and mixing intensity. Biodiesel was produced by trans-esterification of J. curcas seed oil with methanol using NaOH as catalyst. Optimum biodiesel yield of 88.64% was obtained at 7:1 molar ratio of methanol/oil, reaction temperature of 80°C and 0.8% catalyst loading. The biodiesel produced at 80°C, 7:1 methanol/oil ratio and 0.9% catalyst loading when blended with petro-diesel (B20) gave the highest Cetane number of 81.83. The results obtained indicated that the reaction temperature, methanol/oil ratio and catalyst concentration have significant effects on both the Cetane number and yield of biodiesel. Thus, the mathematical model developed can be used in the optimization and simulation of biodiesel yield during trans-esterification of vegetable oil within the range of the parameters studied.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Optimized Biodiesel Production from jatropha curcas oil

Musa¹,

Eric²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

Energy Research Journal

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“…It can be observed that the reaction conversion was enhanced to 73.75% with an increase in catalyst concentration from 1% to 5%. The higher reaction conversion was accomplished on account of the increased number of active sites available for the reaction [ 43 , 44 ]. Thus, it accelerated the reaction to reach the equilibrium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Free Fatty Acid in Calophyllum inophyllum Oil to Fatty Acid Ester as Precursor of Bio-Based Epoxy Plasticizer via SnCl2–Catalyzed Esterification

et al. 2022

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The preparation and application of bio based plasticizers derived from vegetable oils has gained increasing attention in the polymer industry to date due to the emerging risk shown by the traditional petroleum-based phthalate plasticizer. Epoxy fatty acid ester is among the prospective alternative plasticizers since it is ecofriendly, non-toxic, biodegradable, low migration, and low carbon footprint. Epoxy plasticizer can be synthesized by the epoxidation reaction of fatty acid ester. In this study, the preparation of fatty acid ester as a green precursor of epoxy ester plasticizer was performed via esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) in high acidic Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Oil (CSO) using methanol in the presence of SnCl2.2H2O catalyst. The analysis of the process variables and responses using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was also accomplished. It was found that the quadratic model is the most appropriate model for the optimization process. The BBD analysis demonstrated that the optimum FFA conversion and residual FFA content were 75.03% and 4.59%, respectively, achieved at the following process condition: a reaction temperature of 59.36 °C, a reaction time of 117.80 min, and a catalyst concentration of 5.61%. The fatty acid ester generated was an intermediate product which can undergo a further epoxidation process to produce epoxy plasticizer in polymeric material production.

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“…The increase in temperature will only affect the composition of methanol in oil as the methanol will start to vaporize at its boiling point. Because the transesterification reaction is reversible, the transesterification could be sped up by increasing the amount of methanol [37]. The estimation of the optimum process conditions for these three variables was based on the findings in these three figures.…”

Section: Interaction Effect Of Methanol To Oil Molar Ratio and Reacti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Optimization of Palm Oil Biodiesel Production at Various CaO Concentrations Using Response Surface Methodology

Hadi

Mohamad²,

Mahidin³

2023

ARASET

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The transesterification of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalysts has recently caught interest because of its potential to overcome the limitations of homogeneous catalysts. Amongst the heterogeneous catalysts, CaO is well known for its superiority in the transesterification process due to its effectiveness, low cost, and low solubility in methanol. The paper covers the analysis of the transesterification process variables to identify the optimum condition of the process. The effect of process variables, which are catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio, and reaction temperature, and the interaction between variables on the yield of biodiesel from the esterification of palm oil using CaO catalyst was studied. Response Surface Methodology based on a three-variable central composite design was executed to optimize the process variables. It was found that the concentration of the catalysts is the primary variable affecting the reaction, the molar ratio of methanol to oil is the secondary and the temperature is the ternary. While the interaction between the two variables is not significant in the production of the biodiesel yield. The optimum yield of biodiesel of 98.56% was obtained at a catalyst concentration of 9.63 wt%, methanol to oil ratio of 15.30:1, and reaction temperature of 64.40 °C.

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Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Ultrasonic-Assisted Catalytic System

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Optimized Biodiesel Production from jatropha curcas oil

Optimized Biodiesel Production from jatropha curcas oil

Conversion of Free Fatty Acid in Calophyllum inophyllum Oil to Fatty Acid Ester as Precursor of Bio-Based Epoxy Plasticizer via SnCl2–Catalyzed Esterification

Parameters Optimization of Palm Oil Biodiesel Production at Various CaO Concentrations Using Response Surface Methodology

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