Production of biodiesel from wet activated sludge

Revellame, Emmanuel; Hernández, Rafael; French, W. Todd; Holmes, William E.; Alley, Earl G.; Callahan, Robert

doi:10.1002/jctb.2491

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A series of initial studies investigated lipid extraction and direct transesterification of raw sewage sludges containing adsorbed oils and lipid-containing microbial cells resulting into oil yields of 7-10 wt % and biodiesel yields of up to 2-5 wt %. [20][21][22][23] In the most recent study aimed at increasing the oil and biodiesel yields from sewage sludge, activated sludge microorganisms were cultivated in aerobic bioreactors operating at initial C:N ratio 70:1 and 60 g/L glucose loading to elicit oleaginous behavior among the constituents of this natural microbial consortium. Sludge biomass with increased lipid content and biodiesel yield of around 17.5 6 3.9 wt % and 10.2 6 2.0 wt %, respectively were generated-significantly higher than those obtained from raw sewage activated sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced microbial oil production by activated sludge microorganisms via co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose

et al. 2013

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The co-fermentation of glucose and xylose by activated sludge microorganisms for the production of microbial oils for use as biodiesel feedstock was investigated. Various carbon sources at initial concentration of 60 g/L and C:N ratio 70:1 were investigated: xylose, glucose, and 2:1 and 1:2 (by mass) glucose/xylose mixtures. Oil accumulation ranged between 12 to 22% CDW, the highest of which was obtained when xylose was the sole substrate used. Kinetic modeling of the fermentation data showed that specific growth and oil accumulation rates were similar in all substrate types and the lipid coefficient ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 g/g of sugar consumed. The fatty acid methyl ester yield and composition of the lipids showed their suitability for conversion to biodiesel. Based on the results, lignocellulose sugars could be used as fermentation substrates by activated sludge microorganisms for enhancing the oil content of sewage sludge for its use as a sustainable biofuel feedstock source.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced microbial oil production by activated sludge microorganisms via co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose

et al. 2013

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“…The major problem of using animal fat for biodiesel production in the basic catalytic process is high water content and free fatty acids. Industrial wastes such as activated sludge were also reported as feedstock for biodiesel production [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of lipid productivity by Citrobacter youngae CECT 5335 and biodiesel preparation using ionic liquid catalyst

Maymandi

Rahimpour

2015

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“…As municipal sewage sludge is a waste, formed during the treatment of wastewater, it is a possible alternative source of lipids for the production of biodiesel, consequently lowering the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation costs [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Research has shown that the lipids contained in sewage sludge are a potential feedstock for biodiesel mainly and comprised of fatty acids predominantly in the range of C10 to C18, which are excellent for the production of biodiesel [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As municipal sewage sludge is a waste, formed during the treatment of wastewater, it is a possible alternative source of lipids for the production of biodiesel, consequently lowering the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation costs [15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, there are still different technical and economical constraints required to be solved before scaling-up into industrial scale can be reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction of lipids from sludge may be influenced by many variables such as the type of sludge, type and amount of solvent, extraction time, temperature, stirring rate, type of microorganisms present in the sludge, etc. Several authors investigated lipid extraction for biodiesel production from primary sludge [16,21,24,27,28,[28][29][30][31], secondary sludge [15,18,24,27,32]. Only a few studies gave attention to scum sludge as a source of lipids for biodiesel production [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Wastewater Scum Sludge and Saponifiable Lipids Composition Analysis

Ibrahim¹

2017

SJEE

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Abstract:In the present study, Design of Experiment (DoE) as a statistical method was adopted for optimizing conditions for lipid extraction from scum sludge. Four different extraction variables were investigated: methanol to hexane ratio (%), solvent to sludge ratio (ml/g), temperature (°C), and extraction time (h). During the optimization process, saponifiable lipids (SLs) content of the extracted lipid was analyzed. Screening experiments revealed that methanol to hexane ratio (X1), solvents to sludge ratio (X2) and temperature (X3) showed a significant effect on Y lipid (p < 0.05). Lower methanol to hexane ratio and higher solvent to sludge ratio showed the highest positive effect on lipid yield (Y lipid ). No significant effect on extraction time on Y lipid was observed. The positive relationship between lower methanol to hexane ratio and the amount of lipid extracted can be attributed to the presence of higher amounts of neutral lipids in scum sludge. According to Box-Behnken design and Response surface method (RSM), the maximum lipid extraction yield (Y lipid ) predicted through numerical optimized conditions by the model for highest desirability (0.995) was 29.614% at methanol to hexane ratio (%) of 42%, solvent to sludge ratio (v/wt) of 51 ml/g, temperature at 87°C for extraction time of 6 hours. The FAMEs yield produced from ex-situ acid-catalyzed esterification/transesterification of the methanol-hexane co-solvent extracted lipid ranged between 7.9-9.3% (wt/wt) based on sludge weight. Fatty acid profile of FAMEs was found to be was found to be dominated by Oleic acid methyl ester (C18: 1) followed by methyl Palmitate (C16: 1) representing 39.4% and 24.3% of FAMEs composition respectively. The correlation analysis of extraction variables and FEMAs yield revealed that solvent to sludge ratio (ml/g) has the highest positive significant correlation with FAMEs yield (p-value < 0.05). However, methanol to hexane ratio (X1) and temperature (X3) were inversely correlated with FAMEs yield.

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Production of biodiesel from wet activated sludge

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Enhanced microbial oil production by activated sludge microorganisms via co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose

Enhanced microbial oil production by activated sludge microorganisms via co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose

Optimization of lipid productivity by Citrobacter youngae CECT 5335 and biodiesel preparation using ionic liquid catalyst

Statistical Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Wastewater Scum Sludge and Saponifiable Lipids Composition Analysis

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