PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS THROUGH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF Cabomba furcata IN DIGESTER BATCH SYSTEM

Abstract

Biogas is produced from decomposition of organic waste such as sewage sludge, animal manure, and municipality solid wastes by microorganisms in anaerobic conditions. Biogas, which consist mainly of methane is a renewable energy source. It can be used for heating, power generation or upgrading to natural gas quality. In this study, the anaerobic treatability and biogas generation potential of Cabomba furcata (C. furcata) were examined in batch digesters. C. furcata collected from Chini Lake, Pahang was utilized as a substrate in biogas production. Slurry samples of C. furcata were prepared in 2 different mixture i.e., C. furcata/water ratio (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) and C. furcata/inoculums ratio (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3). Throughout the experiment, the pH range was 5.5 to 7.0 while temperature range was 25 to 30 °C to enable anaerobic digestion in mesophilic condition for a retention time of 28 days. The results showed that the maximum methane production achieved at ratio of 1:3 for both mixture C. furcata/water and C. furcata/inoculums with production percentages up to 1.1 and 11.9%, respectively. Moreover, the result indicated that the production of methane increased as the retention time increased. Therefore, native plant of C. furcata is a great potential as a substrate in the production of biogas for future renewable energy.Keywords: Cabomba furcata, methane production, anaerobic digestion, renewable energy Abstrak Biogas terhasil daripada penguraian sisa organik seperti kumbuhan enapcemar, baja haiwan dan sisa pepejal perbandaran oleh mikroorganisma dalam keadaan anaerobik. Biogas terdiri daripada metana sebagai sumber tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui. Ia boleh digunakan untuk pemanasan, penjanaan kuasa atau peningkatan kepada kualiti gas asli. Melalui kajian ini, kebolehrawatan anaerobik dan kebolehan penjanaan biogas oleh Cabomba furcata (C. furcata) telah diperiksa di dalam penghadam kelompok. C. furcata telah dikumpul dari Tasik Chini, Pahang dan digunakan sebagai substrat dalam penghasilan biogas. Sampel cair C. furcata disediakan dengan 2 campuran yang berlainan i.e., nisbah C. furcata/air (1:1, 1:2 dan 1:3) dan nisbah C. furcata/inokulum (1:1, 1:2 dan 1:3). Sepanjang kajian dijalankan, nilai pH adalah 5.5 hingga 7.0 manakala julat suhu ialah 25 -30 °C menjadikan keadaan operasi penghadaman anaerobik sebagai mesofilik dan masa tahanan selama 28 hari. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan penghasilan biogas yang maksimum berlaku pada nisbah 1:3 untuk kedua-dua campuran C. furcata/air dan C. furcata/inokulum dengan peratusan penghasilan masing -masing meningkat kepada 1.1 dan 11.9%. Selain itu, keputusan juga menunjukkan penghasilan semakin meningkat apabila masa tahanan meningkat. Oleh itu, C. furcata mempunyai potensi yang bagus sebagai substrat dalam penghasilan biogas untuk tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui pada masa depan.

Biogas to Fuel Cell State of The Art: A Review

“…These techniques constitute the process of biodegradable organic wastes. It is currently being practice in the palm oil industry and commonly applied in Malaysia due to cost-effectiveness and attractiveness of the method in relation to waste management and treatment [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Output biogas is used in electricity generation up to 2 MW per power plant.…”

The Potential of Using Biogas Feeding for Fuel Cells in Malaysia

“…In Malaysia, the source for biogas production comes from agricultural waste, animal manure, domestic waste, crop residue, household waste and others (Muda et al, 2016). Table 1 indicates the oil palm waste product development.…”

“…This study aims to: (Begum and Nazri, 2013) identify the potential use of biogas to feed to the fuel cell; and (Muda et al, 2016) determine the conservation of conventional resources and reduction of CO 2 emissions in electricity generation.…”

“…Electricity output can be obtained through four stages (Archer and Steinberger-Wilckens, 2018): (Begum and Nazri, 2013) raw biomass converted to chemical feedstock; (Muda et al, 2016) chemical feedstock to raw gas; (Aghamohammadi et al, 2016) raw gas to fuel gas; and fuel gas to electrical output. Equations (Begum and Nazri, 2013) until are used in calculating (Archer and Steinberger-Wilckens, 2018) the potential of fuel cell in Malaysia's electricity production.…”

“…In Equation (Begum and Nazri, 2013), the aim to determine the chemical feedstock available (CFA) depends on the raw feedstock available and the ratio between f ar (as received feedstock) and f daf (dry and ash free feedstock) values taken from (Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, 2019). Meanwhile, Equation (Muda et al, 2016) considers the second stage of electricity generation. Fuel gas available is based on the multiplication of CFA, and conversion process efficiency is equal to 0.65 for gasification process efficiency.…”