Production of carbon fibres from a pyrolysed and graphitised liquid crystalline cellulose fibre precursor

Kong, Kenny; Deng, Libo; Kinloch, Ian A.; Young, Robert J.; Eichhorn, Stephen J.

doi:10.1007/s10853-012-6426-y

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in the I D /I G ratio is in agreement with the observations of electrospun cellulose-based carbon nanofibers [45], regenerated liquid crystalline cellulose-based carbon fibers [55], Japanese cedar wood [52], softwood [56], glassy carbons from polyfurfuryl alcohol [57] and carbon aerogels [58, but is opposite to that observed in PAN-based carbon fibers [59], where the I D /I G values were found to decrease with rising temperature. The rise in I D /I G ratios demonstrates that graphene-like structures grow by consuming and reorganizing more amorphous structures as they are exposed to high temperatures [60].…”

Section: Assessment Of Raman Spectrasupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The values of the I D /I G ratio increased from 1.95 to 2.33 with rising temperature, which is typical of the onset of a carbonized structure [55]. The increase in I D /I G ratio, shown in Table 4, suggests that the apparent in-plane crystallite size (L a ) increases with rising temperature, which is in agreement with the findings of the X-ray diffraction measurements.…”

Section: Assessment Of Raman Spectrasupporting

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Formation of non-graphitizing carbon fibers prepared from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) precursor fibers

Karacan

Erzurumluoğlu

2015

Fibers Polym

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of carbonization temperature on the structure and properties of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)-based carbon fibers from commercially available Twaron ® (PPTA) presursor is reported. Turbostratic PPTA-based carbon fibers were produced using a single step procedure in an inert atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100 o C. In the present study, fiber diameter, mass yield, density, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, tensile testing and electrical conductivity measurements were performed and evaluated to follow and monitor the properties and structural transformations of carbon fibers with rising temperature. The increase of heat-treatment temperature to 1100 o C decreased the interlayer d-spacing (d 0 0 2 ) and increased the in-plane size (L a ) and thickness (L c ) of the graphene layers. The intensity ratios of D to G bands in the Raman spectra increased with rising temperature, suggesting, in agreement with the X-ray diffraction measurements, that the in-plane size (L a ) of the graphene planes increased with temperature. The density, carbon content, C/H ratio, apparent crystallite size (L a and L c ), electrical conductivity and tensile properties of the resultant carbon fibers were enhanced with rising temperature. It has been shown that the gage length of the carbon fibers tested has a significant effect on the tensile strength obtained. After taking into account the effects of gage length and porosity dependence, the carbonization of PPTA precursor fibers prepared at 1100 o C gave a tensile strength of 191 MPa and a tensile modulus of 83 GPa, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Assessment Of Raman Spectrasupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Assessment Of Raman Spectrasupporting

confidence: 87%

Formation of non-graphitizing carbon fibers prepared from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) precursor fibers

Karacan

Erzurumluoğlu

2015

Fibers Polym

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The oxygen introduced in Tuinistra and Koenig eq 4. However, in the cases of liquid crystalline cellulose-based CFs [27] and aramid-based CFs [11], the variation in the I D /I G value was opposite to that observed in the PAN based carbon nanofibers. They explained that the I D / I G ratios increased because the crystallites consisting of cyclic structures containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms grew, and this contributed to the Raman scatter as the carbonization temperature was increased from 500 to 1100 o C. They also concluded that higher carbonization temperatures above 1100 o C are required to obtain a measurable in-plane crystallite size (L a ) from both the XRD and Raman spectroscopy methods.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbonization temperature on crystalline structure and properties of isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber

Kim¹,

Roh²,

Kim³

2017

Carbon letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isotropic pitch-based fibers produced from coal tar pitch with the melt-blowing method were carbonized at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1600 o C to investigate their crystalline structure and physical properties as a function of the carbonization temperature. The in-plane crystallite size (L a ) of the carbonized pitch fiber from X-ray diffraction increased monotonously by increasing the carbonization temperature resulting in a gradual increase in the electrical conductivity from 169 to 3800 S/cm. However, the variation in the d 002 spacing and stacking height of the crystallite (L c ) showed that the structural order perpendicular to the graphene planes got worse in carbonization temperatures from 800 to 1200 o C probably due to randomization through the process of gas evolution; however, structural ordering eventually occurred at around 1400 o C. For the carbonized pitch powder without stabilization, structural ordering perpendicular to the graphene planes occurred at around 800-900 o C indicating that oxygen was inserted during the stabilization process. Additionally, the shear stress that occurred during the melt-blowing process might interfere with the crystallization of the CPF.

show abstract

“…Raman spectroscopy has been employed for a number of years to characterise both structure and mechanical properties of carbon fibres [10][11][12][13][14][15] and is now used extensively to characterise different forms of graphene-based materials [7,8,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of a graphene-reinforced tennis racquet

Young

Liu

2016

J Mater Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microstructure of a graphene-reinforced tennis racquet has been analysed using a combination of optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the main structural components in the racquet frame are high-strength carbon fibres in an epoxy resin matrix. It is also found that graphene-based nanoparticles are used to reinforce resin-rich regions in the shaft of the racquet at the discontinuity in the fibre tows, where the handle is joined to the racquet head. From a detailed analysis of the relative positions and intensities of the Raman G and 2D bands, it is demonstrated that the nanoparticles employed in the racquet are most probably graphite nanoplatelets which have been added to improve the mechanical properties of the resin-rich regions. The nomenclature used for describing graphene-based materials is also discussed in the context of this present study.

show abstract

Production of carbon fibres from a pyrolysed and graphitised liquid crystalline cellulose fibre precursor

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Formation of non-graphitizing carbon fibers prepared from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) precursor fibers

Formation of non-graphitizing carbon fibers prepared from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) precursor fibers

Effect of carbonization temperature on crystalline structure and properties of isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber

The microstructure of a graphene-reinforced tennis racquet

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About