Production of coffee-dyed bacterial cellulose as a bio-leather and using it as a dye adsorbent

Abstract

Owing to its sustainability and environmentally friendliness, bacterial cellulose (BC) has received attention as a zero-waste textile material. Since the color of original BC was mostly yellowish white, a dyeing process is necessary to suggest BC as a textile. Thus, this study aimed to suggest a natural dyeing method using coffee to produce an eco-friendly coffee-dyed bacterial cellulose (BC-COF) bio-leather and to propose a reusing method as a dye adsorbent. To determine the dyeing and mordanting conditions with the highest color strength value, parameters such as dyeing temperature, time, mordanting methods were evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that BC-COF was successfully colorized with coffee without changing its chemical and crystalline structures. In addition, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis confirmed that coffee molecules were successfully incorporated into fiber structures of BC. The effects of pH, concentration, temperature, and time on the adsorption of methylene blue dye using BC-COF bio-leather were also evaluated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and zeta potential measurement. The results showed that BC-COF was found to be most effective when pH 6 of methylene blue solution with a concentration of 50 mg/L was adsorbed for 30 minutes at 25°C. Moreover, BC-COF could be reused for multiple times and had better dye adsorption rate compared to the original BC. From the results, it was confirmed that BC-COF could be employed as a dye adsorbent.

Bacterial Nanocellulose Produced by Cost-Effective and Sustainable Methods and Its Applications: A Review

“…Using solely BC as a filtration agent achieved up to 45% removal efficiency of navy blue dye, while treatment with BS prior to filtration with BC resulted in 65% color removal [204]. Using coffee as a natural dye to produce eco-friendly coffee-dyed BC (BC-COF) bio-leather, aiming for sustainable textile applications was investigated [205]. The optimal dyeing and conditions were determined through various parameters such as temperature and time.…”

“…The analysis confirmed the colorization of BC with coffee without altering its chemical and crystalline structures, with coffee molecules effectively incorporating into the BC fiber structures. The BC-COF bio-leather exhibits efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye with multiple reusability, suggesting its potential as a sustainable dye adsorbent [205]. A biocomposite of dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DCNC) and wool keratin is fabricated for the purpose of removing Cd +2 and Crystal violet from water.…”

A Systematic Review on Potential Bio Leather Substitute for Natural Leather

“…Both hazardous wastes like lime and chrome sludge as well as hazardous gases like hydrogen sulfde are produced during these operations. Furthermore, according to [24], posttanning operation of leather making is accountable for (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40), and (8-15) kg/weight of rawhide suspended solids, COD, and BOD, respectively, making it the other pain in leather production that the tanners have to deal with. Industrial experts and academic researchers have created alternative bio-leather substitutes to address these and other environmental and human health issues associated with natural leather and synthetic leather made of polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane.…”

“…An eco-friendly cofee-dyed bacterial cellulose bio-leather [10] has also been developed as a sole substitute for conventional animal-driven leather.…”

High Performance of Bacterial Strain Isolated from Bio-Extract for Cellulose Production

“…For example, it varies between cinnamon, yellow, and brown because the BC fibrils absorb the medium pigments (Kim & Kim, 2022;Shim & Kim, 2018). However, the BC can be cleaned by boiling it in an alkaline solution and soaking it in deionized water until the pH is neutral.…”