Production of colchicine induced tetraploids inVicia villosaroth

Abstract

Seeds V. villosa (hairy vetch) were treated with 0.005% colchicine and 12% tetraploid plants (2n=4x=28) were obtained. Besides two chimeric plants, one of them consisted of diploid, triploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, octoploid roots and the other diploid and triploid roots were also obtained in hairy vetch. Tetraploid plants were determined by the chromosome numbers in the root tips which were confi rmed by studies conducted in the pollen mother cells (PMCs). Chromosome irregularities in the PMCs of diploids were not observed, however normal and abnormal chromosomal behavior were detected in tetraploids. The morphological observations pointed out those tetraploids were shorter, surface of leaves were greater, and size of stomata were bigger but the number of stomata in per area were less than diploids. Flowering was delayed in tetraploids, the number of fl owers was less, but forming a few larger fl owers than diploids. It was also observed that the colour of leaves was darker, and amount of total chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in tetraploids. Pollen grains also showed some differences in diploids and tetraploids. While diploid pollen grains had tricolporate, numbers of pore and colpi showed variations in tetraploids; pollen grains with 4 pores and 4 colpi, 5 pores and 5 colpi and 6 pores and 6 colpi were identifi ed. The pollen size in the tetraploids was defi ned bigger than others. There were differences in the shapes of pollen grains; they were elliptical in diploids, triangular in polyploids. Pollen viability was measured as 99% in diploids, and this rate lowered to 81% in tetraploids.

Whole genome duplication does not promote common modes of reproductive isolation in Trifolium pratense

“…Indeed, we did find that neopolyploidy significantly delayed the time to first flower. This result is similar to the findings of some studies that have recorded flowering times of neopolyploids, for example in Vicia villosa (Fabaceae; Tulay and Unal, ), Heuchera grossulariifolia (Saxifragaceae; Oswald and Nuismer, ), Achillea borealis (Asteraceae; Ramsey, ), Chamerion angustifolium (Martin and Husband, ), and multiple species in the genus Miscanthus (Poaceae; Chae et al., ). However, other studies have found either that genome duplication does not alter flowering timing, as in Acacia mangium (Nghiem et al., ) and Chamerion angustifolium (Husband et al., ), or that there are mixed results when neopolyploids are derived via hybridization, as in Brassica napus (Brassicaceae; Hansen and Earle, ) and Cucumis hybrid (Cucurbitaceae; Chen et al., ).…”

Production of tetraploid plants of Trollius chinensis Bunge induced by colchicine

“…If diploid plants were pollinated with pollens of tetraploid plants, the fruit set rate, seed count and germination ability remarkably decreased compared to reciprocal crosses and crosses between controls (Table 3). Similar results were already reported in other tetraploid plants, such as Citrullus lanatus (Jaskani et al 2005) and Vicia villosa (Tulay & Unal 2010). Our findings are most likely connected with the ploidy status of regenerated plants.…”

Induction and identification of colchicine induced polyploidy in Gladiolus grandiflorus ‘White Prosperity’

“…Colchicine treated plants of alocasia (Alocasia macrorrhizos) showed slow growth and smaller size plants than control because of disturbance of normal cell division by the penetration of colchicine into the apical meristems cells (Thao et al, 2003). Previous findings reported reduced plant height in cotton (Gossypium arboreum) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) probably resulting from reduced respiratory ratio, metabolic enzyme's activity and restriction in auxin supply to cell under different colchicine treatment (Rauf et al, 2006;Tulay and Unal, 2010). Colchicine significantly decreases the number of leaves per plant, leaf area, length and width but it increases leaf thickness in 0.3% concentrations.…”