Production of energy from concentrated brines by pressure-retarded osmosis

Loeb, Sidney

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(00)82257-7

Cited by 385 publications

(199 citation statements)

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“…In 1976, Sidney Loeb proposed pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) as a novel application for osmotic membranes [1]. The oil prices at that time were low and therefore the interest in further development of this technology was low.…”

Section: Principle Of Pressure Retarded Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of pressure retarded osmosis power production

Taousanidis

Gavros

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract.A major source of energy exists where there is mixing between aqueous solutions of different salinities. This energy source is particularly concentrated where fresh water rivers flow on to the ocean. The power, represented by the osmotic pressure difference between fresh water and salt water, may be called salinity gradient power. In this study the pressure retarded osmosis method for the extraction of salinity gradients' energy is investigated, main problems and difficulties are pointed out and finally the whole subject is justified with experimental results.

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Section: Principle Of Pressure Retarded Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques for the extraction of this form of energy has been proposed or developed. In this study we deal with the pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) technique [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of pressure retarded osmosis power production

Taousanidis

Gavros

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) power generation from the osmotic pressure gradient across a semipermeable membrane has received an extraordinary attention as an up-and-coming technology to reduce fossil fuel use for power generation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Compared with the solar and wind energy technologies, PRO enjoys a steady performance, high reliability, and small foot print and is not affected by environmental elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the key factors for a successful PRO process is the high membrane permeability which requires a special manufacturing design that reduces the effect of concentration polarization at the membrane surface [11,12]. Initially, this was a major challenge at the earlier stage of the PRO process when reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was employed in the PRO module [1][2][3]12]. Low water flux adversely affected the performance of PRO process and this proved to be non-cost-effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual stage PRO process for power generation from different feed resources

et al. 2014

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“…In general, this resulted in power outputs that were far below predicted outputs (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Eventually, pressure exchangers, a technology initially developed for RO systems, were used to meet the pressurization requirement and significantly simplified system design (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure‐Retarded Osmosis

Childress¹,

Achilli²

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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There is a natural tendency for salt solutions to be diluted by freshwater. This natural force appears as osmotic pressure. One process of capturing the energy released from the mixing of freshwater with saltwater is pressure‐retarded osmosis (PRO). In PRO, water from a low salinity solution permeates through a membrane into a pressurized, high salinity solution; effectively transforming water chemical potential into hydraulic head (i.e., potential energy). The combination of increased interest in renewable and sustainable sources of power production and the recent progress in membrane science has led to a spike in PRO interest in the past decade. This interest culminated in the first experimental “river‐to‐sea” PRO installation, which opened in Norway in 2009. Additional applications of PRO, including reverse osmosis (RO)–PRO systems and osmotic heat engines have since gained attention. Although river‐to‐sea PRO has the potential to be a reliable source of base‐load power, the higher salinity gradient available for power production in RO–PRO systems is likely to make them a more promising component of an alternative energy portfolio. While RO–PRO systems are in the early stages of development, the possibility of PRO to enable significant energy reductions in RO energy costs are driving interest in these systems. For all applications, development of optimized and inexpensive PRO membranes is necessary. This article will provide the theoretical foundation of the PRO process as well as the state of the art of the membranes used in this process. It will also outline the development of the river‐to‐sea PRO, RO–PRO, and osmotic heat engine systems and discuss their capabilities, limitations, and future as alternative energy sources.

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Production of energy from concentrated brines by pressure-retarded osmosis

Cited by 385 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of pressure retarded osmosis power production

Investigation of pressure retarded osmosis power production

Dual stage PRO process for power generation from different feed resources

Pressure‐Retarded Osmosis

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