Production of Enzymes and Biotransformation of Orange Waste by Oyster Mushroom, <i>Pleurotus pulmonarius</i> (Fr.) Quél.

Abstract

The wood-decay fungi are able to bioconvert a wide variety of lignocellulosic residues due to the secretion of extracellular enzymes. The use of agricultural wastes as substrate for mushroom cultivation or enzymes production can help to solve environmental problems caused by inadequate discharge in the nature. The production of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes by Pleurotus pulmonarius developed in solid state system using orange waste as substrate was evaluated in this work. Among the hydrolytic enzymes, pectinase was the main enzyme produced by the fungus, presenting the highest enzymatic activity of 9.4 U/mL after 35 days of cultivation. Considering the oxidative enzymes, laccase was the main enzyme produced with maximal activity of 12.2 U/mL obtained after 20 days of cultivation. Low enzyme levels of manganese peroxidase, β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase were detected with activity peaks at the end of the cultivation. The enzymatic levels of amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were similar and less than 1.5 U/mL. No aryl-alcohol oxidase activity was detected. NDF, ADF and cellulose values increased during 45 days of cultivation. There was no lignin degradation during the study period and the fungus culture in orange solid waste caused protein enrichment in the substrate. Our results demonstrate that P. pulmonarius was an efficient producer of two important industrial enzymes, pectinase and laccase in a cheap solid state system using orange waste as substrate.

Evaluation of nutraceuticals including vitamin B12and xenobiotic degradation capacity ofPleurotusspecies

“…The results were found similar to the report analyzed by Watanabe et al (2012) in six edible mushrooms. Surprisingly, we also assayed laccase concentration in liquid mycelia growth medium and it was in accordance of many previous studies (Xie et al, 2016; Inacio et al, 2015). The laccase production could be improved by supplementing in liquid growth medium (Park et al, 2014).…”

Genomic analyses of two Italian oyster mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius strains

“…More recent studies have focused on the potential outcomes for the biotechnology of P. pulmonarius . For instance, this fungus can produce useful enzymes even while degrading waste products ( Inácio et al 2015 ) as well as being consumed after being part of biofuel production ( Chen et al 2020 ), therefore underlying the versatility of this fungus.…”

Utilização do bagaço de malte da indústria cervejeira como substrato para produção de pectinase por cogumelos / Utilization of beer spent grain from the brewing industry as substrate for mushroom pectinase production

“…A produção atual de pectinase para fins industriais ocorre comumente a partir do cultivo de Aspergillus niger, por essa espécie excretar grande quantidade da enzima e ter o status reconhecido como seguro (GRAS), pela agência Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dos Estados Unidos da América (Fratebianchi et al, 2017). Apesar de incipientes, estudos demostram que é possível a produção de pectinase por fungos decompositores (Inácio et al, 2015). Neste estudo foi possível verificar a produção de pectinase a partir do cultivo submerso de dois cogumelos decompositores…”

“…Esses resultados são adequados à produção de pectinase a partir de bioprocessos, visto que em trabalhos anteriores com Pleurotus spp. cultivado em substratos alternativos, a produção de pectinase apresentou uma variação de 0.7 U/mL a 9.4 U/mL (Díaz-Godínez et al, 2016;Inácio et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2017).…”