Production of lignosulfonate in NSSC ‐based biorefinery

While lignin has been gaining wide research interest for a variety of applications across many industries, relatively little work has been published on its applications in nonwovens. Consequently, this article offers an overview of the underlying principles and both the present and future applications of lignin within the nonwoven industry. Due to the distinct structure of lignin, processing, fiber production, composites with polymers, dye dispersant, and fire-retardant applications are all unique opportunities for lignin application in nonwovens discussed in this review. Conventional nonwoven processing techniques, such as electrospinning, have been reported to successfully produce lignin-based nonwovens, specifically lignin/polymer composite nonwovens. This account points to pivotal polymer matrix/lignin composite compatibility issues that define various processing technologies. However, lignin use is not limited to incorporation within nonwoven fibers mats and is currently used in dye dispersion with the potential of phase out petroleum-based dye dispersants. Finally, the high phenolic content of lignin endows it with fire-retardant and antimicrobial properties, among others, that present additional opportunities for lignin in the nonwoven industry. Throughout this review, an effort is made to outline the advantages and challenges of using lignin as a green and sustainable ingredient for the production of nonwoven materials.

Section: Lignin Categories and Use For Dye Dispersantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lignin use in nonwovens: A review

Gaynor

Szlek

Kwon

et al. 2022

“…Due to its low cost, hydrophobic nature, and its suitability for attachment of hydrophilic groups, there has been interest in the development of surfactants based on lignin (Uraki et al 2012;Sipponen et al 2019). In particular, sodium lignosulfonate is a low-cost surfactant byproduct of the sulfite pulping of wood (Rueda et al 2015;Tarasov et al 2015). Sodium lignosulfonate has been shown to be effective in such applications as enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose (Wang et al 2013;Zhou et al 2013), and the preparation of polyurethane foams (Hatakeyama et al 2003).…”

Section: Bio-based Detergents (Fatty Acid Components)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detergency mechanisms and cellulosic surfaces: A review

Hubbe

Szlek

Vera

2022

The release of soils and impurities from cellulosic surfaces plays a critical role in such processes as the laundering of clothes and the deinking of wastepaper pulps. This article reviews publications that provide evidence about factors that affect such release and the mechanisms by which such factors operate. In general, cellulosic substrates provide advantages for the release of contaminants due to their hydrophilic nature and due to their permeability, allowing the transport of surfactants to contact interfaces with dirt. However, the same permeability of cellulosic material also provides opportunities for contaminants to work themselves into internal crevices and pores, from which they are difficult to remove. The article also reviews aspects of theory related to detergency and how those theories relate to the laundering, deinking, and purifying of substrates based on cellulose and related plant materials. Cellulose and some of its derivatives also can play a role in detergent formulation, especially as builders or as finishes placed on textile surfaces, which sometimes aid in the release of dirt.

“…The gradual exhaustion of petroleum resources and the environmental problems resulting from the excessive use of fossil resources pose a threat to the sustainable development of human society. Thus, more attention has focused on the utilization of renewable energy materials that could partly or even completely replace fossil products (Tarasov et al 2015;Li et al 2016a;Patel and Kumar 2016;Qin et al 2016;Rudie et al 2016). Today, the exploration of high-value chemicals produced from biomass resources is becoming one of the most important approaches to determining applications of renewable materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods in the synthesis and conversion of 2,5-Bis-(hydroxylmethyl)furan from bio-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its great potential in polymerization

Zhang

Wang

Tang

et al. 2018

To meet increasing demands for alternatives to fossil-based chemicals, environment-friendly and renewable energy materials are of great importance. Biomass-derived 2,5-bis-(hydroxylmethyl)furan (BHMF) has the potential to partly substitute petroleum-based aromatic diols during polymerization. This paper summarizes recent research on the synthesis of BHMF by the reaction of hydrogen from biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural through different reduction routes, including the Cannizzaro reaction, catalytic hydrogenation, and catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Applications of BHMF as a direct material and intermediate in fabricating polyurethane, self-healing materials, resins, and more, which utilize ring-opening, double-bond addition, and oxidation reactions, are discussed briefly. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities in the formation and application of BHMF in the future are discussed.