Production of meso- and giga-porous zirconia particles — An improved multi-step particle aggregation process

Pattanayak, Abhinandan; Subramanian, Anuradha

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2009.01.023

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The morphology of the powders is illustrated in Figure 4. As a relevant comparison, Pattanayak et al 35 and Grosso et al 36 obtained similar morphologies using templating processes. Both the water-washed and ethanol-washed powders form a macroporous structure when calcining at 450 °C (Figures 4c and 4f, respectively) with pore sizes around 100 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Development of Mesoporosity in Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia: Particle Size, Solvent, and Calcination Effects

et al. 2014

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We present the mechanisms of formation of mesoporous scandia-stabilized zirconia using a surfactant-assisted process and the effects of solvent and thermal treatments on the resulting particle size of the powders. We determined that cleaning the powders with water resulted in better formation of a mesoporous structure because higher amounts of surfactant were preserved on the powders after washing. Nonetheless, this resulted in agglomerate sizes that were larger. The water-washed powders had particle sizes of >5 μm in the as-synthesized state. Calcination at 450 and 600 °C reduced the particle size to ∼1-2 and 0.5 μm, respectively. Cleaning with ethanol resulted in a mesoporous morphology that was less well-defined compared to the water-washed powders, but the agglomerate size was smaller and had an average size of ∼250 nm that did not vary with calcination temperature. Our analysis showed that surfactant-assisted formation of mesoporous structures can be a compromise between achieving a stable mesoporous architecture and material purity. We contend that removal of the surfactant in many mesoporous materials presented in the literature is not completely achieved, and the presence of these organics has to be considered during subsequent processing of the powders and/or for their use in industrial applications. The issue of material purity in mesoporous materials is one that has not been fully explored. In addition, knowledge of the particle (agglomerate) size is essential for powder handling during a variety of manufacturing techniques. Thus, the use of dynamic light scattering or any other technique that can elucidate particle size is essential if a full characterization of the powders is needed for achieving postprocessing effectiveness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Development of Mesoporosity in Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia: Particle Size, Solvent, and Calcination Effects

et al. 2014

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“…Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 128 [7] 410-414 2020 JCS-Japan glycols. Pore volumes for the zirconias obtained in EG, 1,3-PrG, and 1,5-PeG were relatively large; however, they were mostly in the macropore region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 128 [7] 410-414 2020 JCS-Japan ZNP in 1,4-BG at 300°C for 2 h. At lower temperatures, ZNP reacts with 1,4-BG to form glycoxide-containing intermediates with a layered structure, which then decompose to crystalline ZrO 2 at higher temperatures. Such a stepwise crystallization mechanism attributed to the unique morphology and pore system of the product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and pore structure of zirconia particles prepared by the thermal treatment of zirconium tetra-<i>n</i>-propoxide in glycols

Sugiyama

Iwamoto

2020

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Zirconia particles were prepared by thermal treatment of zirconium(IV) tetra-n-propoxide (ZNP) in C 2 C 6 glycols (Glycothermal method) at 300°C and morphology and pore structures of the products were examined. Xray diffraction results revealed that nanocrystals of tetragonal zirconia phase were mainly obtained in all cases. However, the morphology and pore structures of the products were quite different depending on the glycols used. The products prepared in 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BG) were spherical particles with ca. 5¯m size while aggregations of fine particles were observed for other glycols. The samples obtained in 1,4-BG had large surface areas and showed narrow pore-size distributions in the mesopore region. To investigate the formation process of the products having such a unique morphology and pore system, the mixtures of ZNP and glycols were heated at lower temperatures. It was found that the thermal reaction of ZNP in 1,4-BG at 200°C afforded intermediates with layered structures, which subsequently changed into nanocrystalline ZrO 2 at elevated temperatures. These stepwise crystallization processes attribute to the unique morphology and pore system of the products obtained by the thermal treatment of ZNP in 1,4-BG.

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“…The pore size can be easily tuned by choosing different monomers or introducing porogens. 47,48 Obviously, the PICA strategy is more controllable in comparison with the bi-template method, 10,45,48 which makes it a potential method for the synthesis of porous transition metal oxides. Jiang et al 10 gave access to porous titania microspheres by taking usage of the polymerization between urea and formaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Formation Mechanism and the Photocatalytic Properties of Hierarchical Porous Hematite Networks

Fan¹,

Zhang²,

Lin³

2012

Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

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Hierarchical porous hematite (HPH) network structures were successfully constructed using an improved polymerization induced colloid aggregation process with Fe(NO3)3 •9H2O as the raw material. The polymerization between urea and formaldehyde into urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is the key factor for this construction. The UF resins appear to be advantageous in two respects: the UF oligomer hybrids with ferric hydroxide (Fe-UF) and UF polymer formed microcapsules (UFM) acted as templates to induce the aggregation of Fe-UF hybrids into mesoporous spheres. The further crosslink reactions among the hybrid spheres generate the network structure. After calcination, the decomposition of the UF resin and the UFM produces nanopores in the nanorod subunits and macropores in the network structure, respectively. The photodegradation activity of the unique structured HPH is four times that of the commercial hematite nanoparticles with rhodamine B (RhB) as pollutant.

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Production of meso- and giga-porous zirconia particles — An improved multi-step particle aggregation process

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Development of Mesoporosity in Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia: Particle Size, Solvent, and Calcination Effects

Development of Mesoporosity in Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia: Particle Size, Solvent, and Calcination Effects

Morphology and pore structure of zirconia particles prepared by the thermal treatment of zirconium tetra-<i>n</i>-propoxide in glycols

Fabrication, Formation Mechanism and the Photocatalytic Properties of Hierarchical Porous Hematite Networks

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