Production of Nickel by Cold Hydrogen Plasma

Sabat, Kali Charan

doi:10.1007/s11090-021-10194-3

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The Ellingham diagram of nickel shows that hydrogen will react with nickel oxide and oxygen at a lower temperature than oxygen will react with nickel. 47 Based on this information, a final sintering experiment was performed as an attempt to recover two of the now-oxidized nickel samples under a 10% hydrogen/argon forming gas. The two samples consisted of five nickel four-point devices, each with variable thicknesses between 2 and 10 printed layers.…”

Section: Electrical Properties and Thin Film Reduction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Aerosol Jet Printing of Nickel Nanoparticle Ink for High-Temperature Microelectronic Applications and Patterned Graphene Growth

McKibben,

Curtis,

Maryon

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is an advanced manufacturing technique for directly writing nanoparticle inks onto target substrates. It is an emerging reliable, efficient, and environmentally friendly fabrication route for thin film electronics and advanced semiconductor packaging. This fabrication technique is highly regarded for its rapid prototyping, the flexibility of design, and fine feature resolution. Nickel is an attractive high-temperature packaging material due to its electrical conductivity, magnetism, and corrosion resistance. In this work, we synthesized nickel nanoparticles and formulated an AJP ink, which was printed on various material surfaces. Thermal sintering experiments were performed on the samples to explore the redox behavior and to optimize the electrical performance of the devices. The nickel devices were heated to failure under an argon atmosphere, which was marked by a loss of reflectance and electrical properties due to the dewetting of the films. Additionally, a reduction mechanism was observed from these studies, which resembled that of nucleation and coalescence. Finally, multilayer graphene was grown on a custom-printed nickel thin film using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), establishing a fully additive manufacturing route to patterned graphene.

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Section: Electrical Properties and Thin Film Reduction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Aerosol Jet Printing of Nickel Nanoparticle Ink for High-Temperature Microelectronic Applications and Patterned Graphene Growth

McKibben,

Curtis,

Maryon

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…While the primary synthesis of many mass-produced metals such as iron and aluminum benefits from the fact that most of the underlying minerals that serve as ores are relatively rich in these elements, many other metals, including for example copper, nickel and cobalt, only occur in very dilute form (often below 1 mass %), which makes it particularly challenging and CO 2 -intensive to extract them, Table . Particularly nickel ores are problematic as feedstock for primary synthesis: although it is the fifth most abundant element on earth with a share of around 1.7%, it is one of the rarer metals on the Earth’s surface and occurs only in low agglomeration states. ,, …”

Section: Feedstock For Sustainable Metal Production: Minerals Metals ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a microwave setup, Sabat et al also reported the production of Cu from CuO and of Co from a Co 3 O 4 oxide. Also, they studied the direct plasma-assisted synthesis of alloys like FeCo and CuNi through the reduction of corresponding metal oxide mixtures, using an oxide particle size up to 15 mm, exposed to a microwave power in the range of 600–1500 W for variable H 2 flow rates.…”

Section: Sustainability Aspects In Extractive Metallurgical Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some process pathways (liquid or solid reduction), feedstock types and dispersion (pellets, lump, fines) and reactor types (shaft, fluidized bed) are shown in Figure 86. 334−336 If, however, in the course of sustainable metallurgy, fundamentally new reduction processes have to be developed anyway, which then do not work with fossil reducing agents but with sustainable reducing agents such as hydrogen, ammonia, or renewable carbon carriers, the types of ores used in these novel process variants can then also be considered as an additional variable set An important example in this direction is reducing plasmametallurgy, 143,145,254,337,338 in which untreated ores can be used directly. A second example is the use of fluidized bed reactors for powdered fine ores, which also do not require any upstream sinter compaction.…”

Section: Porosity Of Pelletized Mineral Feedstock Used In Direct Redu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly nickel ores are problematic as feedstock for primary synthesis: although it is the fifth most abundant element on earth with a share of around 1.7%, it is one of the rarer metals on the Earth's surface and occurs only in low agglomeration states. 204,205,338 The extraction of the metal from nickel-containing minerals proceeds via a variety of methods, depending on ore type and nickel content. The ores most used for extraction are laterites and sulfides.…”

Section: Sustainability Aspects Of the Mineral Feedstock For Copper P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

135

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Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

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Dielectric Barrier Plasma Discharge Exsolution of Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure

ul Haq,

Fanelli,

Bekris

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Exsolution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on perovskite oxides has been demonstrated as a reliable strategy for producing catalyst‐support systems. Conventional exsolution requires high temperatures for long periods of time, limiting the selection of support materials. Plasma direct exsolution is reported at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of Ni NPs from a model A‐site deficient perovskite oxide (La0.43Ca0.37Ni0.06Ti0.94O2.955). Plasma exsolution is carried out within minutes (up to 15 min) using a dielectric barrier discharge configuration both with He‐only gas as well as with He/H2 gas mixtures, yielding small NPs (<30 nm diameter). To prove the practical utility of exsolved NPs, various experiments aimed at assessing their catalytic performance for methanation from synthesis gas, CO, and CH4 oxidation are carried out. Low‐temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma exsolution are successfully demonstrated and suggest that this approach could contribute to the practical deployment of exsolution‐based stable catalyst systems.

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Production of Nickel by Cold Hydrogen Plasma

Cited by 11 publications

References 70 publications

Formulation and Aerosol Jet Printing of Nickel Nanoparticle Ink for High-Temperature Microelectronic Applications and Patterned Graphene Growth

Formulation and Aerosol Jet Printing of Nickel Nanoparticle Ink for High-Temperature Microelectronic Applications and Patterned Graphene Growth

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Dielectric Barrier Plasma Discharge Exsolution of Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure

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