Production of Non-Conventional Fuels by Catalytic Cracking of Scrap Tires Pyrolysis Oil

Rodríguez, Edgar Charry; Palos, Roberto; Gutiérrez, Alazne; Arandes, José M.; Bilbao, Javier

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00632

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…A detailed explanation of the used equipment and the procedures followed in the analysis of the FCC catalysts can be found in our previous works. 22,23 Attending to the characterization results, it can be seen how different the porous structure of each catalyst is (Figure 1a−c). Note that FCC catalysts are composed of various materials (clay, alumina, and silica, forming a matrix in which the USY zeolite crystals are embedded) that confer to them a complex porous structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, their acidic properties have been determined by NH 3 -temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments (Figure d) followed by coupled thermogravimetric–calorimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of adsorbed pyridine (Figure e). A detailed explanation of the used equipment and the procedures followed in the analysis of the FCC catalysts can be found in our previous works. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Palos

Gutiérrez

Fernández

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The catalytic cracking of visbreaker naphtha under industrial conditions has been investigated, aiming the production of an olefin-rich gas stream and high-quality gasoline suitable to be used in the blending of automotive fuels. The runs have been performed in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser simulator reactor under the following conditions: temperature, 500 and 550 °C; catalyst-to-oil mass ratio, 6 g cat g oil −1; contact time, 3−12 s. Furthermore, the effect of the properties of two commercial equilibrium catalysts on the products has been also assessed. Products have been lumped in dry gas, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), gasoline, and coke, according to the common fractionation made in refineries. For a proper assessment of the upgrading process, dry gas, LPG, and gasoline lumps have been deeply characterized, assuring the production of both light olefins and gasoline (with average yields of 11 and 82 wt %, respectively). In addition, the gasoline lump produced can be used as a source of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) aromatics (obtaining yields of ca. 10 wt %). Hence, the suitability of the FCC unit for the upgrading of visbreaker naphtha has been assured.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Palos

Gutiérrez

Fernández

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Later, they assessed the effects that catalyst properties have on the conversion, distribution, and composition of the reaction products. 207 the catalyst are highly influential. Thus, high total acidity and acid strength of the catalyst promoted the extent of the cracking reactions.…”

Section: Plastic Pyrolysis Oil (Waxes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rodrı́guez et al have studied the cracking of pure TPO obtained in a conical spouted bed reactor, , the cracking of TPO dissolved in VGO, and the nature and location of the coke formed in this process . Initially, these researchers studied the effect of operating conditions, that is, temperature, C/O ratio, and contact time.…”

Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Refinery: The Valorization of Waste Plastics and End-of-Life Tires in Refinery Units. A Review

et al. 2021

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This review collects a wide range of initiatives and results that expose the potential of the refineries to be converted into waste refineries. Thus, they will use their current units for the valorization of consumer society wastes (waste plastics and end-of-life tires in particular) that are manufactured with petroleum derivatives. The capacity, technological development, and versatility of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and hydroprocessing units make them appropriate for achieving this goal. Polyolefinic plastics (polyethylene and polypropylene), the waxes obtained in their fast pyrolysis, and the tire pyrolysis oils can be cofed together with the current streams of the industrial units. Conventional refineries have the opportunity of operating as waste refineries cofeeding these alternative feeds and tailoring the properties of the fuels and raw materials produced to be adapted to commercial requirements within the oil economy frame. This strategy will contribute in a centralized and rational way to the recycling of the consumer society wastes on a large scale. Furthermore, the use of already existing and, especially, depreciated units for the production of fuels and raw materials (such as light olefins and aromatics) promotes the economy of the recycling process.

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“…In addition, the liquid fraction, containing aromatic and aliphatic compounds (5 to 20 carbons), has a high heating value (ca. 44 MJ kg -1 ); thus, it has potentialities as an alternative fuel or fuel additive [2,3,[5][6][7]. Moreover, advanced ideas are under discussion for taking advantage of the TPO as a building block in fine chemistry and as an additive for autohealing processes [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior, Reaction Pathways and Kinetic Implications of Using a Ni/SiO2 Catalyst for Waste Tire Pyrolysis

Osorio-Vargas

Lick

Sobrevía

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Catalytic pyrolysis has been used to upgrading the quality of pyrolytic liquids. Herein, we report a comprehensive study on the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tires using Ni/SiO2 as catalysts. The analyses were carried out by combining thermogravimetry (TGA), TGA interfaced to a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (TGA-FTIR), and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) techniques. During waste tire decomposition, the main functional groups detected in the FTIR were alkenes, aromatics, and heteroatoms-containing groups such as nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Meanwhile, by Py-GC/MS were identified mainly D,L-limonene, isoprene, benzene, toluene, xylenes (BTX), and p-cymene. The Py-GC/MS experiments at three different temperatures (350, 400, and 450 °C) suggested an effect of the catalyst on product distribution. The Ni catalyst promoted cyclization reactions and subsequently aromatization, leading to an improved vapors composition. The use of iso-conversional kinetic models along with master plots allows proposing a multiple-step reaction mechanism, which was well described by the Avrami-Erofeev, Random Scission, and truncated Sestak-Berggren models. The values of activation energies show differences for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolysis (111.0 kJ mol -1 and 168.4 kJ mol -1 ), validating the effectivity of Ni/SiO2. Finally, the thermal Biot (>1) and Py I and Py II numbers (10 -3

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Production of Non-Conventional Fuels by Catalytic Cracking of Scrap Tires Pyrolysis Oil

Cited by 29 publications

References 70 publications

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Waste Refinery: The Valorization of Waste Plastics and End-of-Life Tires in Refinery Units. A Review

Thermal Behavior, Reaction Pathways and Kinetic Implications of Using a Ni/SiO2 Catalyst for Waste Tire Pyrolysis

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