Production of Ochratoxins in Different Cereal Products by
            <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i>

Trenk, Hugh L.; Butz, Mary E.; Chu, Fun Sun

doi:10.1128/am.21.6.1032-1035.1971

Cited by 83 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The frequencies of ochratoxin contamination in the cereal commodities investigated, all of which were locally produced, are considerable higher than those reported previously for cereals intended for human consumption, generally not exceeding 3 per cent (review Krogh 1978). As cooking procedures only result in minor reduction of the ochratoxin content (Trenk et al 1971;Harwig et al 1974), the population in this endemic area is likely to consume ochratoxin A in prepared food. The samples of * .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin a Contamination of Foodstuffs in an Area With Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy

Pavlović

Pleština

Krogh

1979

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbio

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Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic fungal metabolite (mycotoxin) occurring in foodstuffs. The compound is causally associated with mycotoxic porcine nephropathy, a disease comparable with a human kidney desease, Balkan (endemic) nephropathy. A survey of 768 samples of foodstuffs (cereals and bread), locally produced in an area of Yugoslavia where Balkan (endemic) nephropathy is prevalent, has revealed that ochratoxin A is constantly present in parts of foodstuffs. The mean freqency of ochratoxin A contamination of cereals in the study period was 8.7 per cent, but a pronounced annual variation was encountered, with frequencies of contamination up to 43 per cent. These contamination frequencies are higher than those reported elsewhere for foodstuffs for human consumption. Thus further evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that ochratoxin A might be a disease determinant of Balkan (endemic) nephropathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin a Contamination of Foodstuffs in an Area With Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy

Pavlović

Pleština

Krogh

1979

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbio

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“…Ochratoxin A was produced from Aspergillus ochraceus (CECT 2948, Culture Collection Center, University De Valencia, Valencia, Spain) by culturing on wheat grain using a modified method of Trenk et al (1971). Briefly, 80 g of wheat grains were soaked in 80 ml distilled water in a 1-L Erlenmeyer flask for 2 h and then autoclaved for 20 min at 121°C.…”

Section: Mycotoxins and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological status of the progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)- and aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁)-contaminated feeds

Hassan

Khan

et al. 2012

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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This study aimed to evaluate the immunological status of progeny of hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)- and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-contaminated feed. For this purpose, White Leghorn (WL) layer breeder hens (40-weeks-of-age) were divided into six groups (A-F). Hens in Group A were fed a commercial layer ration while those in Groups B and C were kept on a diet amended with 3 and 5 mg OTA/Kg, respectively. Group D was fed a ration containing 5 mg AFB(1)/Kg, while hens in Groups E and F were kept on feed amended with OTA and AFB(1) each. All feedings were for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Fertile eggs were set for hatching on a weekly basis to obtain progeny of each week separately. At 14 days-of-age, subsets of progeny were euthanized and the frequency of immunoglobulin(s)-bearing cells in their spleen and bursa of Fabricius assessed; at 16 days-of-age, other chicks in each set were utilized to determine their lymphoblastogenic responses against phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P). At 30 days-of-age, the final sub-set of chicks/group was euthanized and their peritoneal macrophages harvested for measurements of phagocytic potential and nitrite production. Relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and of the spleen were significantly lower in the progeny of hens fed mycotoxin-contaminated diets for 14 and 21 days. The frequencies of IgA-, IgG-, and IgM-bearing cells were also significantly lower in the bursa of Fabricius and spleen of progeny chicks obtained from hens fed the OTA + AFB(1) mixed diet. Feeding contaminated diets to breeder hens also resulted in significantly lower responses to PHA-P. In addition, the percentages of peritoneal macrophages displaying phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC), the number of SRBC/macrophage, and nitrite production were each significantly lower in cells from progeny chicks from OTA- and AFB(1)-fed hens. The findings of the present study indicated there were severe immunosuppressive effects in progeny chicks as a result of exposure of their parent hens to OTA and AFB(1) either alone or in combination. These studies provide emphasis for the need for mycotoxin regulation policy with respect to the ingredients used in poultry feed, since it is clear that feeding multi-mycotoxin-contaminated diets to breeder hens will almost certainly result in the hatching of manifestly unhealthy chicks.

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“…Kirby et al reported boiling contaminated maize for 8 min destroyed some citrinin activity but heating at 105 °C for 16 min completely destroyed the diuretic effect of the toxin. Although ochratoxin A is highly stable even at 200 °C, , heating the compound in the presence of aqueous NaOH (0.1 M) led to decomposition of the toxin and subsequent detoxification . The effect of heat on ochratoxin A contamination in coffee was tested through a collaborative study with nine research groups that indicated a reduction of between 69 and 96% ochratoxin during coffee roasting under a range of conditions .…”

Section: Physical Methods For Mycotoxin Detoxificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for Defusing a Major Global Food and Feed Safety Risk: Nonbiological Postharvest Procedures To Decontaminate Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds

Temba

Sultanbawa

Kriticos

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Mycotoxin contamination of foods and animal feeds is a worldwide problem for human and animal health. Controlling mycotoxin contamination has drawn the attention of scientists and other food and feed stakeholders all over the world. Despite best efforts targeting field and storage preventive measures, environmental conditions can still lead to mycotoxin contamination. This raises a need for developing decontamination methods to inactivate or remove the toxins from contaminated products. At present, decontamination methods applied include an array of both biological and nonbiological methods. The targeted use of nonbiological methods spans from the latter half of last century, when ammoniation and ozonation were first used to inactivate mycotoxins in animal feeds, to the novel techniques being developed today such as photosensitization. Effectiveness and drawbacks of different nonbiological methods have been reported in the literature, and this review examines the utility of these methods in addressing food safety. Particular consideration is given to the application of such methods in the developing world, where mycotoxin contamination is a serious food safety issue in staple crops such as maize and rice.

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Production of Ochratoxins in Different Cereal Products by Aspergillus ochraceus

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Ochratoxin a Contamination of Foodstuffs in an Area With Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy

Ochratoxin a Contamination of Foodstuffs in an Area With Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy

Immunological status of the progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)- and aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁)-contaminated feeds

Tools for Defusing a Major Global Food and Feed Safety Risk: Nonbiological Postharvest Procedures To Decontaminate Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds

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Production of Ochratoxins in Different Cereal Products by Aspergillus ochraceus

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Ochratoxin a Contamination of Foodstuffs in an Area With Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy

Ochratoxin a Contamination of Foodstuffs in an Area With Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy

Immunological status of the progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)- and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-contaminated feeds

Tools for Defusing a Major Global Food and Feed Safety Risk: Nonbiological Postharvest Procedures To Decontaminate Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Immunological status of the progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)- and aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁)-contaminated feeds