Production of Oil Palm Sex Inflorescense and Its Response on the Treatment of Plant Exogenous Hormone Treatment Under Drought Condition

Abstract

To determining effects of drought on the oil palm sex inflorescene and its response on plant hormone treatmet under drought condition. Then it was carried out the serial treatment at indonesian oil palm research institute (IOPRI) field area trial in Pulau Maria, Asahan District, North Sumatra during 4 year (2013 until midle of 2016). These area having flat topography class with sandy loam texture of typic paleudult soil type and suffering frequently of 200- 460 mm water deficit per year. The trial were undertaken on oil palm tenera's type with 8 years old (planted in 2005). The trial including, 4 kind of phytohormone plus the control treatment, which treated on plant with several of dose and frequency. The phytohormone were IAA (auxsin, Indole-3-acetic acid), BAP (citokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine), GA_3 (gibberelline, gibberellic acid), dan ABA (absisic acid). The dose of each of these kind of hormone were 100, 300, dan 500 ppm, with frequenscy application once and twice per year. The trial design following randomized block design with 3 replicated. Individual unit treatment was the indivduplant. The variable that observed were female, male, and aborted inflorescence; number of frond production; and vegetative growth (height of plant and length of rachis frond). Analysis effect the drought on oil palm sex inflorescene were done by correlation analysis between rainfall and water deficit with inflorescene production. The result shown drought period decline of female inflorescense, and increasing male and aborted inflorescense. Auxin (IAA) treatment, induced vegetatif growth, but contrarily, declining female inflorescense production and increasing male and aborted inflorescense. Gibberelline (GA_3) treatment, decreasing commonly female inflorescense production, and increasing male and aborted inflorescense, mainly in the certain peak of drought periods. Citokinin (ABA) and absicic asid (ABA), tend tokeep female inflorescense production in drought condition, in a way reducing number of aborted inflorescense. Citokinin (BAP), was dominantly plant hormone to keep female inflorescense production.

PRODUCTION OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jack) FLOWER BUNCHES IN ULTISOL ON APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND IN ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

“…According to Noferta et al (2018), the formation and growth of the sheath a strongly influenced by internal factors, namely the genetics of the oil palm plant itself, and external factors, namely environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, duration of irradiation and others. Furthermore, Harahap et al, (2017) explained that drought conditions due to a prolonged dry season would affect the flowering process of oil palm. (Zhu et al, 2012;Zou et al, 2013), heavy metal stress (Krishnamoorthy et al, 2015) and biotic stress, such as root pathogen attack (Sylvia & Chellemi, 2001), and controlling stem rot disease of oil palm trunks (Simanjuntak et al, 2013).…”

“…The sex ratio increased with increasing doses of inorganic fertilization both on and without AMF application, and plants with AMF had a higher average sex ratio than plants without AMF. According to Harahap et al, 2017), producing female flower bunches that develop into oil palm fruit bunches is very important because it will determine oil palm production. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to the ratio of female flowers to the total number of flower bunches (sex ratio).…”

“…Oil palm productivity is closely related to flowering, pollination, and fertilization. Oil palm productivity is determined by the sex ratio, the ratio between the number of female flowers and the total number of flowers at a specific time (Harahap et al, 2017). Therefore, increasing the number of flower bunches that can develop into fruit bunches will directly increase oil palm production and productivity.…”

“…According to Sidhu et al (2009), conditions of nutrient deficiency in plants will affect the number and quality of male and female flower bunches of oil palm. Likewise, Harahap et al (2017) stated that genetic and environmental factors strongly influence flower formation in oil palm plants Considering that ultisol is land that has low fertility, it is necessary to increase the number of oil palm flower bunches by adding nutrients through fertilization. Generally, oil palm plants are fertilized with inorganic fertilizers.…”

KEMUNCULAN KEMBALI ULAT API Narosa rosipuncta Holloway (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) DAN PENGENDALIANNYA DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT SUMATERA UTARA

“…2015; Apichatmeta, Sudsiri, & Ritchie, 2017;Harahap, Sumaryanto, Hidayat, Fauzi, & Pangaribuan, 2017). Hasil kajian terbaru juga menunjukkan bahwa serangan UPDKS dengan intensitas sangat berat berdampak signifikan terhadap penurunan jumlah TBS yang dihasilkan (Priwiratama, Rozziansha, Susanto, & Prasetyo, 2019b).…”