Production of optically active 2,3‐butanediol by Bacillus polymyxa

Abstract

Bacillus polymyxa produces (R, R)-2,3-butanediol from a variety of carbohydrates. Other metabolites are also produced including acetoin, acetate, lactate, and ethanol. The excretion of each metabolite was found to depend on the relative availability of oxygen to the culture. When the relative oxygen uptake rate was high, enhanced yields of acetate and acetoin were noted. At an intermediate oxygen availability, the butanediol yield was maximal. When the availability of oxygen was more restricted, higher yields of lactate and ethanol occurred. The cells appeared to regulate themselves such that energy generation is optimal subject to the constraint that the cells do not produce more reducing equivalents than can be oxidized by the electron transport system. The dependence of each product yield on the relative oxygen availability was determined, and this knowledge was used to carry out a fed-batch fermentation that attained a final butanediol concentration of over 40 g/L in 50 h.

2,3-Butanediol Production by Acetogenic Bacteria, an Alternative Route to Chemical Synthesis, Using Industrial Waste Gas

“…23BD is known to be produced by a range of sugar (or citrate)-fermenting microbes, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (13), Bacillus subtilis (58), Enterobacter aerogenes (11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7), Klebsiella oxytoca (51), Lactococcus lactis (26), Paenibacillus polymyxa (14), and Serratia marcescens (60). In this study, we present evidence of 23BD production by 3 acetogenic members of the Clostridium genus (Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium ljungdahlii, and Clostridium ragsdalei) using gases (carbon monoxide [CO] or hydrogen [H 2 ] and CO) as the source of carbon and energy.…”

Reconstruction of an Acetogenic 2,3-Butanediol Pathway Involving a Novel NADPH-Dependent Primary-Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase

“…Commercially, the key downstream products of 2,3-butanediol have a global market of ϳ32 million tonnes per annum, valued at ϳ$43 billion (10)(11)(12). Previously, 2,3-butanediol production has been shown only in sugar-or citrate-fermenting bacteria (the majority of which are risk group 2 organisms) (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) or in engineered strains of C. acetobutylicum (19,20), Escherichia coli (21,22), or Synechococcus elongatus (22).…”

Enhanced production of acetoin and butanediol in recombinant Enterobacter aerogenes carrying Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene

“…Starting with two molecules of pyruvate, BD is produced in three enzymatic steps. The products a-acetolactate, acetoin, and BD are produced by the enzymes catabolic a-acetolactate synthase (also called pH 6.0 acetolactate forming enzyme or ALS), a-acetolactate decarboxylase and acetoin (diacetyl) reductase (also called BD dehydrogenase), respectively [35]. The activity of ALS, the first enzyme diverting pyruvate to the BD pathway, was higher in Ea(pUC8:15) than in the non-hemoglobin counterparts (Fig.…”