Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with oilfield produced water on the concentration of some soil nutrients, as well as on the performance and concentration of nutrients in the roots and on aerial parts of the ornamental sunflower 'Sunbright' (Helianthus annuus), and to define the operating costs for the production of floral stems under an irrigated system. 'Sunbright' sunflower plants were cultivated in a Typic Quartzipsamment in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and subjected to drip irrigation treatments with oilfield produced water treated by filtration (PWF), or by reverse osmosis (PWO), besides a control treatment with groundwater (GW) from the Açu aquifer. The study was carried out for three successive production cycles. Irrigation with PWF modifies the concentration of exchangeable salts in the soil, increasing Na + in the shallow layers, affecting the vegetative growth and the nutrient accumulation in the roots and shoots, in such a way that brackish water may impact operating costs and revenues in the production of floral stems. PWO has a minor effect on soil nutrients and it is not able to modify the agronomic performance of the ornamental sunflowers, in comparison with irrigation with GW. The cost-benefit ratio was positive with all types of water in the following order: GW> PWF> PWO.Index terms: Helianthus annuus, cut flower, irrigation, resource use efficiency, wastewater reuse. Produção de girassol ornamental irrigado com água produzida de petróleo na região do Semiárido brasileiroResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com água produzida de campos de petróleo sobre a concentração de alguns nutrientes do solo, assim como sobre o desempenho e a concentração de nutrientes nas raízes e nas partes aéreas do girassol (Helianthus annuus) ornamental 'Sunbright', e definir os custos operacionais para a produção de hastes florais em um sistema irrigado. As plantas de girassol 'Sunbright' foram cultivadas em um Neossolo Quartzarênico no Estado do Ceará, e submetidas a tratamentos de irrigação por gotejamento, com água produzida de petróleo tratada por filtração (PWF) e por osmose inversa (PWO), além de um tratamento-controle com água subterrânea (GW) do aquífero Açu. O estudo foi realizado por três ciclos de produção sucessivos. A irrigação com PWF modifica a concentração de sais trocáveis no solo, ao aumentar o Na + nas camadas superficiais, o que afeta o crescimento vegetativo e o acúmulo de nutrientes nas raízes e nas partes aéreas das plantas, de modo que a água salobra pode impactar os custos operacionais e as receitas na produção de hastes florais. PWO tem um efeito menor em nutrientes do solo e não é capaz de modificar o desempenho agronômico dos girassóis ornamentais, em comparação à irrigação com GW. A relação custo-benefício foi positiva com todos os tipos de água, na seguinte ordem: GW> PWF> PWO.Termos para indexação: Helianthus annuus, flor de corte, irrigação, uso eficiente de recurso, reuso de água residuária.

Productive and morphogenetic characteristics of sunflower irrigated with domestic treated wastewater on northeast semiarid area

“…Some studies confirm the benefits of using wastewater in sunflower, among them the use of effluents from the meat industry (Moraes et al, 2012), treated domestic wastewater (Nobre et al, 2010;Andrade et al, 2012), and sewage sludge (Lobo and Grassi Filho, 2007;Silva et al, 2010) and water produced from petroleum (Weber et al, 2017), which may partially or fully meet the nutritional needs of sunflower crop and allow development and production levels equal to or greater than those achieved in the traditional production system. In this sense, Rawashdeh (2017), verified the maximization of seed yield and oil production in sunflower plants irrigated with treated domestic wastewater.…”

“…The treatment of wastewater for agricultural use minimized soil physicochemical alterations, losses in the agronomic performance of crop and microbiological contamination of agricultural product (Carvalho et al, 2013;Weber et al, 2017). According to Carvalho et al (2013), treated domestic wastewater at the secondary level allowed the production of sunflower biomass within acceptable sanitary standards for food and feed.…”

“…According to Carvalho et al (2013), treated domestic wastewater at the secondary level allowed the production of sunflower biomass within acceptable sanitary standards for food and feed. Weber et al (2017) produced sunflower irrigated with well-water and water produced from the treated oil by filtration and reverse osmosis, evidenced that the water produced from filtered petroleum only modified the concentration of exchangeable salts in the soil, affecting the vegetative growth and the accumulation of nutrients in the roots and aerial parts of plants. On the other hand, the water produced from petroleum treated by reverse osmosis did not cause a change in the agronomic performance of the sunflower compared to irrigation with well-water.…”

Growth of leopard flower (Belamcanda chinensis) with humics acids in nursery garden

“…The world production of flowers occupies approximately 190 thousand hectares and generates an approximate income of 16 billons dollars regarding production and 44 billons when speaking in terms of retail (Benschop et al 2010;Weber et al 2017;Mikovski et al 2019). Thanks to the diversity of species possessing Brazil, many native and introduced flowers have a high potential for economic exploitation (Ibraflor, 2012), one of these is known as the common name flower leopard (Belamcanda chinensis).…”

Chemical characteristics of soil irrigated with produced water treatment and underground water

“…On the other hand, when properly treated, produced water may be used for irrigation of crops whose products are not addressed for human consumption. They partially supplement the lack of natural water sources and raise nutrient rates in soil and plants and the amount of organic matter in the soil [7,8].…”