The variability of virulence within a Quebec population of the fungal pathogen Nectria galligena was studied under greenhouse conditions. Preliminary, small-scale inoculation of Betula allegbaniensis saplings confirmed that wounds have to be present for successful infection by N. galligena and showed that saphngs held at 10°G exhibited a broader range in necrotic zone length than saplings held at 24 °G for 6 weeks. Results from the inoculation of B. allegbaniensis saplings with eight full-sib progeny sets of four siblings each of N. galligena showed a wide range of virulence in this pathogen. The observed variability was probably of genetic origin since, in seven cases out of eight, one of the four siblings of a given family was significantly different from at least one other sibling of the same family. Inoculation of 5. allegbaniensis saplings with a population of 43 isolates originating from different host species and geographical locations further confirmed the variability of virulence within N. galligena but failed to indicate a relationship between virulence and host or geographic provenance. Inoculation of six additional deciduous tree species with a subset of nine isolates showed the polyphagous character of the pathogen, as lesions of comparable length were generally observed on five of the species tested.None of the nine isolates tested induced any necrosis on Fraxinus americana whereas Quercus macrocarpa tended to be slightly more resistant than the four remaining true species.