Production of phenols from lignin via depolymerization and catalytic cracking

Yoshikawa, Takuya; Yagi, T.; Shinohara, Shuichi; Fukunaga, Tetsuo; Nakasaka, Yuta; Tago, Teruoki; Masuda, Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.05.003

Cited by 150 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Meanwhile, lignin is one of the main constituents of these abundant renewable resources, and this cheap feedstock has the potential to aid in the production of liquid fuels and bio-chemicals (Yoshikawa et al 2013;Singh et al 2014;Strassberger et al 2014). However, the efficient conversion of lignin into bio-chemicals is challenging because of the high structural heterogeneity of lignin biopolymers and their recalcitrance to depolymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Guo¹,

Liu²,

Tang³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The effects of reaction parameters on catalytic depolymerization of alkali lignin in sub-and super-critical ethanol were investigated using a high pressure autoclave, and the liquid oil and solid char products were characterized. The experimental data indicated that Rh catalysis, controlling reaction conditions at ethanol critical temperature (240 ºC) and pressure (7.0 MPa), high ethanol/water ratios (100/0), and the medium reaction time (4 h) enhanced the depolymerization of alkali lignin to liquid oil and decreased the char formation. A gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the main compositions of liquid oils were phenols, esters, ketones, and acid compounds, and the supercritical state favored the formation of bio-phenols, but the subcritical state improved the generation of bio-esters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectra analysis showed that the addition of the Raney/Ni and Rh/C catalysis could inhibit the re-fusion of alkali lignin micron-sized spheres in the supercritical ethanol, which led to an increase in the occurrence of the depolymerization reactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Guo¹,

Liu²,

Tang³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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“…However, lignin is considered to be a low-quality, low-value residual material because of the difficulty and high cost associated with its deconstruction and purification to useful moieties (Zabaleta 2012;Yoshikawa et al 2013). Only 1% to 2% of the lignin in the pulp and paper industry is converted to commercial products (Gosselink et al 2004;Lora 2008;Stewart 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Microbial Production of 2-Pyrone-4,6-Dicarboxylic Acid from Lignin Residues for Use as an Industrial Platform Chemical

Qian¹,

Otsuka²,

Sonoki³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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As one of the most abundant materials in nature, lignin has been used widely in co-generation operations and for fine chemicals and bio-fuels production. These uses, although important, are of relatively low value. Lignin contains many aromatic compounds with useful structures, and it is potentially more profitable to produce high-value fine chemicals from the low-molecular weight lignin fraction while using the high-molecular weight fraction for fuel or other applications. A transgenic P. putida bacterial strain PDHV85 was developed with the capability to convert vanillin, vanillic acid, and syringaldehyde to 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a novel platform chemical that can produce a variety of bio-based polymers. Initial testing with vanillin showed promise for lignin conversion. Testing for this, we used kraft lignin, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), or birch (Betula platyphylla) to represent some of the most abundant industrial lignin sources from softwood and hardwood. Repeated manipulation of culture conditions and strain adaptation allowed conversion of these extracts to PDC by PDHV85, which has not previously been reported in a bacterial strain. No inhibition was observed at 0.14 mg/mL kraft lignin extract, 1.14 mg/mL Japanese cedar extract, nor 1.15 mg/mL birch extract when using the optimized growth conditions.

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“…Modern bioenergy processes and technologies have gained innovational stampede accompanied by scientific impetus to produce new energy carriers such as biohydrogen, bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas to meet, at least partly, the growing demand for energy [1,3,11,12]. Biodiesel or FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) is simply defined as a chemically modified diesel-like fuel produced from mainly non/edible plant oils, microalgae, and animal fat through a series of chemical reactions using alcohols in the presence or absence of chemical catalysts [12][13][14][15][16]. Due to the naturally-occurring high viscosity, low volatility, and polyunsaturated characters of plant oils used in biodiesel production, a number of chemical processes are developed of which transesterfication is mostly used and preferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basically, it transforms long and branched triglyceride molecules into smaller esters. Other processes are used to overcome such difficulties involving blending/dilution, micro-emulsification, heating/pyrolysis, thermal cracking, and magnetically stabilized fluidized bed reactor [13][14][15][16]. Two other processes to produce biodiesel include Fischer Tropsch technology, which is currently used to convert synthetic biogas into biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects of Synthetic Biodiesel Production from Various Bio-Wastes in Jordan

Al-Rousan¹,

Zyadin²,

Salah³

et al. 2013

JSBS

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The main objectives of this technical experiment are to quantify the amount of various bio-wastes available for the bioenergy development in Jordan and investigate the prospects of biodiesel potentials from such bio-wastes using catalytic depolymerization technology developed in the German company ALPHAKAT. The quantification process revealed substantial quantities of bio-wastes originated from various sectors such as dairy and poultry farms, by-products of wastewater treatment plants, and agriculture by-products. The results show that olive cake provides the highest potential for biodiesel production with a ratio of 39%. Chemical analysis showed varying levels of sulfur contents, which required desulfurization unit to produce standard quality biodiesel. Chemical analysis also showed high phosphorus content, which provided another economic opportunity to use the biodiesel by-products as a fertilizer. The statistical correlation test showed a strong linear correlation between the percentage of organic content and caloric value and biodiesel output. The study also unveiled that the C:H ratio is strongly correlated with the biodiesel production model. The regression analysis generated a model for biodiesel production, which can be used to evaluate the biodiesel production based on the net dry biomass and C:H ratio in the substrate. Based on the model, the study estimated the potential of biodiesel from olive cake to reach up to 4 million liters annually. Policymakers and involved governmental institutes are advised to develop new regulations and laws to increase the share of bioenergy in the primary energy mix through attracting co-public investments accompanied by supportive economic tools such as starter loans, tax exemptions, and feedin-tariffs. Further research is needed to quantify other sources of bio-wastes such as cooking-oil wastes.

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Production of phenols from lignin via depolymerization and catalytic cracking

Cited by 150 publications

References 27 publications

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Engineered Microbial Production of 2-Pyrone-4,6-Dicarboxylic Acid from Lignin Residues for Use as an Industrial Platform Chemical

Prospects of Synthetic Biodiesel Production from Various Bio-Wastes in Jordan

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