Production of Protocatechuic Acid in Bacillus Thuringiensis ATCC33679

Williams, Kimtrele M.; Martin, William E.; Smith, Justin Alan; Williams, Baraka S.; Garner, Bianca L.

doi:10.3390/ijms13033765

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid present in most edible and medicinal plants (53,(90)(91)(92). The compound has also been reported to be produced by several species of bacteria and fungi (40,57,(93)(94)(95). Protocatechuic acid has been reported to show antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-ulcer, antidiabetic, anti-ageing, antifibrotic antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity, anti-atherosclerotic, cardiac, hepatoprotective, neurological and nephroprotective activities (57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

Eze

Nnanna

Okezie

et al. 2019

The EuroBiotech Journal

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Endophytic fungi associated with Nigerian plants have recently generated significant interest in drug discovery programmes due to their immense potential to contribute to the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This study was carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Newbouldia laevis, Ocimum gratissimum, and Carica papaya The plants were collected from Agulu, Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. Endophytic fungal isolation, fungal fermentation; and extraction of secondary metabolites were carried out using standard methods. The crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activities using the agar well diffusion method, and were also subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to identify their constituents. A total of five endophytic fungi was isolated, two from N. laevis (NL-L1 and NL-L2), one from O. gratissimum (SL-L1), and two from C. papaya (PPL-LAC and PPL-LE2). In the antimicrobial assay, the extracts of NL-L2, SL-L1, and PPL-LE2 displayed mild antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive test bacteria. PPL-LAC extract showed mild activity only against S. aureus, while no antimicrobial activity was recorded for NL-L1 extract. All the endophytic fungal extracts showed no activity against the test fungi C. albicans and A. fumigatus HPLC analysis of the fungal extracts revealed the presence of ethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate and ferulic acid in NL-L1; ruspolinone in NL-L2; protocatechuic acid, scytalone, and cladosporin in SL-L1; indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-carbaldehyde in PPL-LE2; and indole-3-acetic acid in PPL-LAC. The findings of this study revealed the potentials possessed by these plants as source of endophytes that express biological active compounds. These endophytes hold key of possibilities to the discovery of novel molecules for pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

Eze

Nnanna

Okezie

et al. 2019

The EuroBiotech Journal

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“…Although there might be some internal carryover iron from the overnight growth, B . thuringiensis cells grown in CTM for 24 hours are iron restricted based on molecular and biochemical analyses of cultures [30]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferrin ImpactsBacillus thuringiensisBiofilm Levels

Garner

Brown

Taplin

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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The present study examined the impact of transferrin on Bacillus thuringiensis biofilms. Three commercial strains, an environmental strain (33679), the type strain (10792), and an isolate from a diseased insect (700872), were cultured in iron restricted minimal medium. All strains produced biofilm when grown in vinyl plates at 30°C. B. thuringiensis 33679 had a biofilm biomass more than twice the concentration exhibited by the other strains. The addition of transferrin resulted in slightly increased growth yields for 2 of the 3 strains tested, including 33679. In contrast, the addition of 50 μg/mL of transferrin resulted in an 80% decrease in biofilm levels for strain 33679. When the growth temperature was increased to 37°C, the addition of 50 μg/mL of transferrin increased culture turbidity for only strain 33679. Biofilm levels were again decreased in strain 33679 at 37°C. Growth of B. thuringiensis cultures in polystyrene resulted in a decrease in overall growth yields at 30°C, with biofilm levels significantly decreased for 33679 in the presence of transferrin. These findings demonstrate that transferrin impacts biofilm formation in select strains of B. thuringiensis. Identification of these differences in biofilm regulation may be beneficial in elucidating potential virulence mechanisms among the differing strains.

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“…Thus, DHS dehydratase is vital for the formation of protocatechuic acid as found with E. coli and Bacillus sp. (Draths and Frost 1994;Williams et al 2012). It is encoded by asbF/aroZ genes.…”

Section: Analysis Of Metabolites Of the Anpksiii Overexpression Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type III polyketide synthase is involved in the biosynthesis of protocatechuic acid in Aspergillus niger

Xiao

Pan

2014

Biotechnol Lett

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Genomic studies have shown that not only plants but also filamentous fungi contain type III polyketide synthases. To study the function of type III polyketide synthase (AnPKSIII) in Aspergillus niger, a deletion strain (delAnPKSIII) and an overexpression strain (oeAnPKSIII) were constructed in A. niger MA169.4, a derivative of the wild-type (WT) A. niger ATCC 9029 that produces large quantities of gluconic acid. Alterations in the metabolites were analyzed by HPLC when the extract of the overexpression strain was compared with extracts of the WT and deletion strains. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3.2 mg/l) was isolated and identified as the main product of AnPKSIII when inductively expressed in A. niger MA169.4. The molecular weight of PCA was 154.1 (m/z 153.1 [M-H](-)), was detected by ESI-MS in the negative ionization mode, and (1)H and (13)C NMR data confirmed its structure.

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Production of Protocatechuic Acid in Bacillus Thuringiensis ATCC33679

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

Transferrin ImpactsBacillus thuringiensisBiofilm Levels

Type III polyketide synthase is involved in the biosynthesis of protocatechuic acid in Aspergillus niger

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