Production of pyrite nanoparticles using high energy planetary ball milling for sonocatalytic degradation of sulfasalazine

Abstract

Sonocatalytic performance of pyrite nanoparticles was evaluated by the degradation of sulfasalazine (SSZ). Pyrite nanoparticles were produced via a high energy mechanical ball milling (MBM) in different processing time from 2h to 6h, in the constant milling speed of 320rpm. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) confirmed the production of pyrite nanoparticles during 6h of ball milling with the average size distribution of 20-80nm. The effects of various operational parameters including pH value, catalyst amount (mg/L), SSZ concentration (mg/L), ultrasonic frequency (kHz) and reaction time on the SSZ removal efficiency were examined. The obtained results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 97.00% was obtained at pH value of 4, catalyst dosage of 0.5g/L, SSZ concentration of 10mg/L and reaction time of 30min. Experimental results demonstrated that the kinetic of the degradation process can be demonstrated using Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. The effect of different inorganic ions such as Cl, CO and SO was investigated on the L-H reaction rate (k) and adsorption (K) constants. Results showed that the presence of the mentioned ions significantly influenced the L-H constants. The impact of ethanol as a OH radical scavenger and some enhancers including HO and KSO was investigated on the SSZ removal efficiency. Accordingly, the presence of ethanol suppressed SSZ degradation due to the quenching of OH radicals and the addition of KSO and HO increased the SSZ removal efficiency, due to the formation of SO and additional OH radicals, respectively. Under the identical conditions of operating parameters, pyrite nanoparticles maintained their catalytic activity during four consecutive runs.

Use of mine waste for H2O2-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline by natural pyrite nanoparticles: Catalyst characterization, degradation mechanism, operational parameters and cytotoxicity assessment

“…Presence of a narrow band at 1640 cm À1 is attributed to C ¼ C stretching vibration. The presence of typical peaks at 601 and 555 cm À1 were ascribed to the stretching vibration of the FeeS band and asymmetric stretching vibration of FeeOeOH species (Khataee et al, 2017). Although the bond at 407 cm À1 was confirmed in the standard pyrite FTIR (Sun et al, 2017), in this study it moved to a higher wavenumber of 478 cm À1 due to presence of some minor impurity including Cu, Al, and Si elements.…”

“…1, the maximum TTC adsorption by pyrite nanoparticles was only 8.3% at pH 8, and the change of solution pH values had no significant effect on TTC adsorption. Although some studies propose that pyrite alone has a high capability to remove emerging compounds such as sulasalazine (Khataee et al, 2017) and diclofenac (Bae et al, 2013), Fig. 1 shows that pyrite alone is not an efficient adsorbent for removal of TTC.…”

“…Compared with conventional and traditional methods, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on classical Fenton and Fenton-like processes have attracted the consideration of many scientists for treating recalcitrant and toxic organic pollutants, because of some unique advantages (Diao et al, 2017;Khataee et al, 2017). The classical Fenton reaction is based on the reaction of highly oxidizing agents, like OH, in aqueous solution with the interaction of peroxides (mostly H 2 O 2 ) and ferrous ions in acidic solution according to Eq.…”

Solubility and Bioavailability of Fenofibrate Nanoformulations

“…Various parameters affect the final particle size and quality of the product. Millings are again of different classes based of experimental condition such as fluid energy milling, air‐jet milling, ball milling, wet milling, media milling, and cryogenic milling . Figure presents the overview of simple ball milling technology.…”

Preparation of Nanoparticles Including Antisolvent Drugs by the Combination of Roll Milling and High-pressure Homogenization

“…Methods for preparing nanoparticles are broadly classified into break-down methods and build-up methods [ 9 , 10 ]. In the former, particles are ground to a nano-order size by either a dry [ 11 - 13 ] or a wet [ 14 , 15 ] process. Regarding the dry processes, co-grinding methods with adjuvants (polymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and microcrystalline cellulose, and water-soluble substances, such as sugars, sugar alcohol, and amino acids) have been employed [ 16 , 17 ].…”