Production of renewable diesel from Jatropha curcas oil via pyrolytic-deoxygenation over various multi-wall carbon nanotube-based catalysts

Abstract

Production of renewable diesel from Jatropha curcas oil via pyrolytic-deoxygenation over various multi-wall carbon nanotube-based catalysts ABSTRACTJatropha curcas is a highly toxic plant that produces seed containing viscous oil with productivity (2 ton/ha), it grows in tropical and sub-tropical regions and offer greater adaptability to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Its oils have been noted as an important alternative to produce green diesel via deoxygenation reaction. This study, deoxygenation of jatropha curcas oil (JCO) was carried out over NiO-Fe2O3 and NiO-ZnO catalysts that supported onto multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). It had found that high Fe and Zn dosages were ineffective in deoxygenation and greatest activity was observed on NiO(20) Fe2O3(5)/MWCNT catalyst. Structure-activity correlations revealed that low metal loading, large density of weak + medium acidic sites and strong basic sites play key role in enhancing the catalytic activities and n-(C15+C17) selectivity. Comparing carbon nanostructures and carbon micron size supported NiO-Fe2O3 revealed that green diesel obtained from NiO-Fe2O3/MWCNT catalysed deoxygenation had the highest heating value and the lowest amounts of oxygen content. Thereby, it confirmed the importance of carbon nanostructure as the catalyst support in improving the diesel quality. Considering the high reusability of NiO-Fe2O3/MWCNT (6 consecutive runs) and superior green diesel properties (flash point, cloud properties and cetane index) demonstrated the NiO-Fe2O3/MWCNT catalyst offers great option in producing excellent properties of green diesel for energy sector.

A Short Review on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process, Current State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production

“…Carbon-based acid catalysts have several distinct advantages, including lower cost, due to the fact that they may be made from low-value biomass waste and have a large surface area and porosity [213]. This was in agreement with Table 3 findings, whereby the majority of the biomass-based catalysts exhibited high surface area (~13.30 to 1411 m 2 /g) and large pore size [167,168,172,[213][214][215]. Indeed, most of these studies still used the method of chemical activation method using H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and KOH for improving the acidity and textural properties of the activated carbon catalyst, hence promoting the catalytic esterification and transesterification reaction (FAME yield: 44-97%).…”

“…Support materials (e.g., alumina, zirconia, activated carbon, etc.) are modified by the addition of basic oxides (e.g., CaO, ZnO, BaO, and MgO) to alter their chemical properties to produce this type of solid base catalyst [137,[166][167][168]. It is also possible to incorporate metals such as Na, K, Li, Ba, and Mg either on their own or as ions in their halide, carbonate, hydroxide, or nitrate forms [169].…”

Performance of Activated Carbon Supported Cobalt Oxides and Iron Oxide Catalysts in Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil

“…NiO ) hydrocarbons formation (49 %) via its high cracking activity. The liquid product obtained met the specifications designated for ultra-low-sulfur diesel in terms of flash point, cloud point, pour point and cetane index [14].…”

Continuous selective deoxygenation of palm oil for renewable diesel production over Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3and La2O3–Al2O3

“…72 The above are in line with the ndings reported by a number of published works concerning the inuence of Ni catalysts on the selectivity of the gaseous products. 9,41,65,73,74 In concluding, the improved catalytic activity exhibited by the Ni/LaAl catalyst can be probably understood on the basis of the increased dispersion of Ni on its surface (XPS) and the increased Ni-support interaction (H 2 -TPR). Moreover, it is likely that the lower overall acidity of the Ni/LaAl catalyst (TPD) suppressed the hydrocracking reactions, which helps explain its improved yield towards C 15 -C 18 alkanes.…”