Production of streptomycin from chitin using Streptomyces griseus in bioreactors of different configuration

Meanwell, Richard J.L.; Shama, Gilbert

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.036

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A huge number of streptomyces-derived antibiotics are used as antibacterial agents. Starting with aminoglycosides, a large number show antibacterial activity, such as streptomycin, produced by streptomyces griseus [92]; neomycin, produced by streptomyces fradiae [93]; and kanamycin, produced by streptomyces kanamyceticus [94]. Other antibacterial antibiotics from streptomycetes include erythromycin, produced by streptomyces erythraea; tetracycline produced by streptomyces rimosus [95]; chloramphenicol produced by streptomyces venezuelae [96]; vancomycin, produced by streptomyces orientalis; and thienamycin, produced by Streptomyces cattleya [97].…”

Section: Natural Products From Bacterial Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery

et al. 2020

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Over a long period of time, humans have explored many natural resources looking for remedies of various ailments. Traditional medicines have played an intrinsic role in human life for thousands of years, with people depending on medicinal plants and their products as dietary supplements as well as using them therapeutically for treatment of chronic disorders, such as cancer, malaria, diabetes, arthritis, inflammation, and liver and cardiac disorders. However, plant resources are not sufficient for treatment of recently emerging diseases. In addition, the seasonal availability and other political factors put constrains on some rare plant species. The actual breakthrough in drug discovery came concurrently with the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium notatum in 1929. This discovery dramatically changed the research of natural products and positioned microbial natural products as one of the most important clues in drug discovery due to availability, variability, great biodiversity, unique structures, and the bioactivities produced. The number of commercially available therapeutically active compounds from microbial sources to date exceeds those discovered from other sources. In this review, we introduce a short history of microbial drug discovery as well as certain features and recent research approaches, specifying the microbial origin, their featured molecules, and the diversity of the producing species. Moreover, we discuss some bioactivities as well as new approaches and trends in research in this field.

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Section: Natural Products From Bacterial Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery

et al. 2020

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“…Seafood processing waste is a potentially rich source of several useful products including chitin (Meanwell and Shama 2008), and has long been generated in large tonnages worldwide (Chang et al 2007). Chitin is economical and is the second most abundant bio-waste material after cellulose (Shahidi et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Yong

Shrivastava

Srivastava

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Chitosan originates from the seafood processing industry and is one of the most abundant of bio-waste materials. Chitosan is a by-product of the alkaline deacetylation process of chitin. Chemically, chitosan is a polysaccharide that is soluble in acidic solution and precipitates at higher pHs. It has great potential for certain environmental applications, such as remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants, including toxic metals and dyes in soil, sediment and water, and development of contaminant sensors. Traditionally, seafood waste has been the primary source of chitin. More recently, alternative sources have emerged such as fungal mycelium, mushroom and krill wastes, and these new sources of chitin and chitosan may overcome seasonal supply limitations that have existed. The production of chitosan from the above-mentioned waste streams not only reduces waste volume, but alleviates pressure on landfills to which the waste would otherwise go. Chitosan production involves four major steps, viz., deproteination, demineralization, bleaching and deacetylation. These four processes require excessive usage of strong alkali at different stages, and drives chitosan's production cost up, potentially making the application of high-grade chitosan for commercial remediation untenable. Alternate chitosan processing techniques, such as microbial or enzymatic processes, may become more cost-effective due to lower energy consumption and waste generation. Chitosan has proved to be versatile for so many environmental applications, because it possesses certain key functional groups, including - OH and -NH2 . However, the efficacy of chitosan is diminished at low pH because of its increased solubility and instability. These deficiencies can be overcome by modifying chitosan's structure via crosslinking. Such modification not only enhances the structural stability of chitosan under low pH conditions, but also improves its physicochemical characteristics, such as porosity, hydraulic conductivity, permeability, surface area and sorption capacity. Crosslinked chitosan is an excellent sorbent for trace metals especially because of the high flexibility of its structural stability. Sorption of trace metals by chitosan is selective and independent of the size and hardness of metal ions, or the physical form of chitosan (e.g., film, powder and solution). Both -OH and -NH2 groups in chitosan provide vital binding sites for complexing metal cations. At low pH, -NH3 + groups attract and coagulate negatively charged contaminants such as metal oxyanions, humic acids and dye molecules. Grafting certain functional molecules into the chitin structure improves sorption capacity and selectivity for remediating specific metal ions. For example, introducing sulfur and nitrogen donor ligands to chitosan alters the sorption preference for metals. Low molecular weight chitosan derivatives have been used to remediate metal contaminated soil and sediments. They have also been applied in permeable reactive barriers to remediate metals in soil and groun...

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“…Streptomyces is a large genus of actinobacteria with over 500 species (Barbuto Ferraiuolo et al, 2021). They are Grampositive, spore forming, and are well known for their production of clinically significant secondary metabolites (Meanwell and Shama, 2008;Human et al, 2016). Streptomyces species are saprophytes that subsist on dead or decaying organic matter in soil or aquatic environments (Sharma et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Natural Products as Antimicrobials for Control of Streptomyces scabies: A Causative Agent of the Common Scab Disease

et al. 2022

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The common scab disease caused by Streptomyces scabies, a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium, is an economically important disease of potatoes and other tuber crops. The lack of effective treatments against this disease accounts for large economic losses globally. Plant extracts were screened to find several that effectively inhibited Streptomyces scabies growth in culture. Seven tinctures showed the greatest inhibition of S. scabies growth by reducing pathogen growth in culture by 75% or more. These extracts were myrrh, garlic, cayenne, barberry, frankincense, wild indigo root, and lavender. Myrrh extract from Commiphora myrrha, a resin made from tree sap, showed strong antibacterial activity by reducing the growth of S. scabies to 13% of the control. Additionally, a flavonoid library was screened to identify several compounds that were effective to control the pathogen growth. The flavonoids that showed the greatest inhibition of Streptomyces scabies growth were sophoraflavanone G, jaceosidin, baicalein, and quercetin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the effective flavonoids were calculated to be 6.8 ± 0.4 μM, 100.0 ± 2.1 μM, 202.9 ± 5.3 μM, and 285.2 ± 6.8 μM, respectively. The mean lethal doses for these flavonoids against Streptomyces scabies were 2.0 ± 0.1 μM, 22.6 ± 0.5 μM, 52.9 ± 1.3 μM, and 37.8 ± 1.0 μM, respectively. A live/dead assay showed complete cell death in the presence of sophoraflavanone G indicative of a bactericidal mechanism for flavonoid action on Streptomyces scabies. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy imaging showed damaged cell membrane morphologies when Streptomyces scabies was exposed to these flavonoids. Mycelia appeared as flat and deflated structures with contents seen as spewing from branching hyphae with numerous holes and tears in the membrane structure indicative of cell death. Sophoraflavanone G showed the greatest potency and potential as a natural antibiotic from the library of tested flavonoids. These results suggest that these plant compounds act on the pathogen through a bactericidal mechanism involving cell membrane destabilization and disruption leading to cell death.

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Production of streptomycin from chitin using Streptomyces griseus in bioreactors of different configuration

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery

Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery

Environmental Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Plant Natural Products as Antimicrobials for Control of Streptomyces scabies: A Causative Agent of the Common Scab Disease

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