Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Petroleum Refineries: Evaluation of New Bio-Refinery Concepts

Tanzil, Abid H.; Brandt, Kristin; Zhang, Xiao; Wolcott, Michael P.; Stöckle, Claudio O.; Garcı̀a-Pèrez, Manuel

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.735661

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similarly, when biocrude is used, the final refinery products (e.g., gasoline blendstock, diesel, jet) all contain biogenic carbon atoms and thus emit zero fossil CO 2 upon combustion. Given the large potential decarbonization impact of using biocrude, various studies have examined co-processing bio-oils and/or completely processing biocrudes − (and some U.S. refiners are planning or constructing facilities to implement such approaches. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Potential and Cost of the U.S. Refinery Sector Decarbonization

Sun

Cappello

Elgowainy

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In 2019, U.S. petroleum refineries emitted 196 million metric tons (MT) of CO2, while the well-to-gate and the full life cycle CO2 emissions were significantly higher, reaching 419 and 2843 million MT of CO2, respectively. This analysis examines decarbonization opportunities for U.S. refineries and the cost to achieve both refinery-level and complete life-cycle CO2 emission reductions. We used 2019 life-cycle CO2 emissions from U.S. refineries as a baseline and identified three categories of decarbonization opportunity: (1) switching refinery energy inputs from fossil to renewable sources (e.g., switch hydrogen source); (2) carbon capture and storage of CO2 from various refining units; and (3) changing the feedstock from petroleum crude to biocrude using various blending levels. While all three options can reduce CO2 emissions from refineries, only the third can reduce emissions throughout the life cycle of refinery products, including the combustion of fuels (e.g., gasoline and diesel) during end use applications. A decarbonization approach that combines strategies 1, 2, and 3 can achieve negative life-cycle CO2 emissions, with an average CO2 avoidance cost of $113–$477/MT CO2, or $54–$227/bbl of processed crude; these costs are driven primarily by the high cost of biocrude feedstock.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Potential and Cost of the U.S. Refinery Sector Decarbonization

Sun

Cappello

Elgowainy

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…While not specifically investigated in this study, it has been found that co-locating the biorefinery with existing crude oil refineries would decrease its capital investment by providing the necessary hydrotreating and hydrocarbon fractionation units (hydrotreating equipment such as reactors are available in crude oil refining facilities). According to a recent publication, this approach would reduce the jet fuel selling price by 3–23% [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic analysis of an integrated biorefinery to convert poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid

Seufitelli

El-Husseini

Pascoli

et al. 2022

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background The overall goal of the present study is to investigate the economics of an integrated biorefinery converting hybrid poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid. The process employs a combination of integrated biological, thermochemical, and electrochemical conversion pathways to convert the carbohydrates in poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid production. The C5-sugars are converted into xylitol via hydrogenation. The C6-sugars are converted into jet fuel via fermentation into ethanol, followed by dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation into jet fuel. CO2 produced during fermentation is converted into formic acid via electrolysis, thus, avoiding emissions and improving the process’s overall carbon conversion. Results Three different biorefinery scales are considered: small, intermediate, and large, assuming feedstock supplies of 150, 250, and 760 dry ktonne of poplar/year, respectively. For the intermediate-scale biorefinery, a minimum jet fuel selling price of $3.13/gallon was obtained at a discount rate of 15%. In a favorable scenario where the xylitol price is 25% higher than its current market value, a jet fuel selling price of $0.64/gallon was obtained. Co-locating the biorefinery with a power plant reduces the jet fuel selling price from $3.13 to $1.03 per gallon. Conclusion A unique integrated biorefinery to produce jet fuel was successfully modeled. Analysis of the biorefinery scales shows that the minimum jet fuel selling price for profitability decreases with increasing biorefinery scale, and for all scales, the biorefinery presents favorable economics, leading to a minimum jet fuel selling price lower than the current price for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The amount of xylitol and formic produced in a large-scale facility corresponds to 43% and 25%, respectively, of the global market volume of these products. These volumes will saturate the markets, making them infeasible scenarios. In contrast, the small and intermediate-scale biorefineries have product volumes that would not saturate current markets, does not present a feedstock availability problem, and produce jet fuel at a favorable price given the current SAF policy support. It is shown that the price of co-products greatly influences the minimum selling price of jet fuel, and co-location can further reduce the price of jet fuel.

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“…Next, the MILP formulation for the deterministic model is presented and extended into multistage stochastic programming (MSSP). The data for this problem is adapted from Tanzil et al 10,11 …”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal retrofitting of conventional oil refinery into sustainable bio‐refinery under uncertainty

Zhang,

Torres,

Chen

et al. 2024

AIChE Journal

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This article focuses on a novel optimization problem to retrofit a conventional fossil‐based refinery into a hybrid biomass‐based refinery. A mixed‐integer linear programming model, which considers a 10‐year‐long retrofit planning along with operational constraints in each year, is formulated. The problem is extended to a multistage stochastic programming model to handle both endogenous and exogenous uncertainties, and solved through a series of two‐stage stochastic programming subproblems. Furthermore, a Lagrangean decomposition algorithm is implemented to solve such a problem. By determining whether to add new units or retrofit existing units to the selected biomass‐based technologies, the results provide flexible design alternatives with consideration of operational constraints for each year. The results show the advantages of the selected biomass‐based technologies and enhance the performance of the final solution under uncertainty.

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Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Petroleum Refineries: Evaluation of New Bio-Refinery Concepts

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

An Analysis of the Potential and Cost of the U.S. Refinery Sector Decarbonization

An Analysis of the Potential and Cost of the U.S. Refinery Sector Decarbonization

Techno-economic analysis of an integrated biorefinery to convert poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid

Optimal retrofitting of conventional oil refinery into sustainable bio‐refinery under uncertainty

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