Production of the Neurotoxin BMAA by a Marine Cyanobacterium

Banack, Sandra Anne

doi:10.3390/md20070014

Cited by 20 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The first follow-up studies on cyanobacterial isolates and field samples confirmed the presence of BMAA in the majority of the tested samples, albeit at slightly lower concentrations than initially reported [34][35][36]. However, other laboratories could not detect BMAA in any cyanobacterial sample (e.g.…”

Section: Controversy Regarding the Presence Of Bmaa In Aquatic Ecosysmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…As BMAA does not contain a chromophore, most methods based on optical detection, such as liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (LC-FLD), require pre-column derivatisation with a chromophore containing reagent such as 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC, e.g. [34,96]). This pre-column derivatisation has an additional advantage: the derivatised molecule is bigger and more hydrophobic, which facilitates reversed phase LC separation.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Bmaa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly used derivatisation techniques in combination with LC-MS/MS analysis are AQC (e.g. [34,97,98]), propyl chloroformate (e.g. [91,99]) and dansyl chloride [100,101]), see Box 1.2 for explanation of AQC derivatised LC-MS/MS analysis.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Bmaa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This first report of BMAA in a cyanobacterium was followed by positive reports for BMAA in free living and symbiotic cyanobacteria, as well as in cyanobacteria dominated field samples [33][34][35][36]. Given the putative role of BMAA in neurodegenerative illnesses [37], these findings of widespread occurrence of BMAA in virtually all tested cyanobacteria at sometimes alarming high concentrations led to the assumption that BMAA may pose a worldwide significant risk to human health [34,38,39]. GENERAL …”

Section: Phycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In 2008, when the work for this thesis was started, literature on the occurrence of BMAA in aquatic system was scarce and BMAA was assumed to be present in nearly all cyanobacteria [33][34][35][36]. The initial aims of this thesis therefore were to investigate the presence of BMAA in Dutch aquatic systems, to determine its production under different environmental conditions, to determine its toxicity to zooplankton and to determine whether BMAA could accumulate in the aquatic food web.…”

Section: Objectives and Outline Of The Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic systems : analysis, occurrence and effects

Faassen

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Section: Controversy Regarding the Presence Of Bmaa In Aquatic Ecosysmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Analytical Methods For Bmaa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods For Bmaa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Objectives and Outline Of The Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic systems : analysis, occurrence and effects

Faassen

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Probing the lipid chemistry of neurotoxin‐induced hippocampal lesions using multimodal imaging mass spectrometry

Hanrieder

Karlsson

Brittebo

et al. 2014

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The environmental toxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been causatively linked to neurodegenerative disease pathology. In a rat model, neonatal BMAA exposure resulted in selective uptake in the hippocampal formation and caused learning and memory impairments in adult animals. Moreover, high dose neonatal BMAA exposure resulted in formation of protein inclusions in the CA1 region of the adult hippocampus. However the mechanism underlying BMAA induced neuropathology remains elusive. Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful method for spatial interrogation of biochemical distribution in biological tissue with high chemical specificity. The aim of this study was to therefore characterize the lipid microenvironment of BMAA-induced hippocampal lesions in adult rats using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and time-of-flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS imaging). Multimodal imaging was carried out by ToF-SIMS scans of the hippocampal formation followed by whole tissue scans using MALDI imaging. Multivariate analysis was performed on the SIMS data in order to delineate the spatial biochemistry surrounding the lesions. The data show lesion-specific localization of phosphatidylcholine fragments, suggesting neuroinflammatory glial cell activation. Complementary MALDI imaging data showed increased levels of phosphoethanolamines colocalizing with the proteopathic lesions pointing to macroautophagic mechanisms associated with neurotoxin-induced protein accumulation. Multimodal IMS by means of ToF-SIMS and MALDI mass spectrometry proved to be a powerful technique for neurotoxicological research.

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Neurotoxin-Induced Neuropeptide Perturbations in Striatum of Neonatal Rats

et al. 2013

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The cyanobacterial toxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is suggested to play a role in neurodegenerative disease. We have previously shown that although the selective uptake of BMAA in the rodent neonatal striatum does not cause neuronal cell death, exposure during the neonatal development leads to cognitive impairments in adult rats. The aim of the present study was to characterize the changes in the striatal neuropeptide systems of male and female rat pups treated neonatally (postnatal days 9-10) with BMAA (40-460 mg/kg). The label-free quantification of the relative levels of endogenous neuropeptides using mass spectrometry revealed that 25 peptides from 13 neuropeptide precursors were significantly changed in the rat neonatal striatum. The exposure to noncytotoxic doses of BMAA induced a dose-dependent increase of neurosecretory protein VGF-derived peptides, and changes in the relative levels of cholecystokinin, chromogranin, secretogranin, MCH, somatostatin and cortistatin-derived peptides were observed at the highest dose. In addition, the results revealed a sex-dependent increase in the relative level of peptides derived from the proenkephalin-A and protachykinin-1 precursors, including substance P and neurokinin A, in female pups. Because several of these peptides play a critical role in the development and survival of neurons, the observed neuropeptide changes might be possible mediators of BMAA-induced behavioral changes. Moreover, some neuropeptide changes suggest potential sex-related differences in susceptibility toward this neurotoxin. The present study also suggests that neuropeptide profiling might provide a sensitive characterization of the BMAA-induced noncytotoxic effects on the developing brain.

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Production of the Neurotoxin BMAA by a Marine Cyanobacterium

Abstract: Diverse species of cyanobacteria have recently been discovered to produce the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid β-methylamino-

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

The neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic systems : analysis, occurrence and effects

The neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic systems : analysis, occurrence and effects

Probing the lipid chemistry of neurotoxin‐induced hippocampal lesions using multimodal imaging mass spectrometry

Neurotoxin-Induced Neuropeptide Perturbations in Striatum of Neonatal Rats

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