Production, properties and potential of graphene

Abstract

This review on graphene, a one atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, starts with a general description of the graphene electronic structure as well as a basic experimental toolkit for identifying and handling this material. Owing to the versatility of graphene properties and projected applications, several production techniques are summarized, ranging from the mechanical exfoliation of high quality graphene to the direct growth on carbides or metal substrates and from the chemical routes using graphene oxide to the newly developed approach at the molecular level. The most promising and appealing properties of graphene are summarized from an exponentially growing literature, with a particular attention to matching production methods to characteristics and to applications. In particular, we report on the high carrier mobility value in suspended and annealed samples for electronic devices, on the thickness-dependent optical transparency and, in the mechanical section, on the high robustness and full integration of graphene in sensing device applications. Finally, we emphasize on the high potential of graphene not only as a post-silicon materials for CMOS device application but more ambitiously as a platform for post-CMOS molecular architecture in electronic information processing.Comment: Review article: 21 pages, 243 references, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Carbon, 201

Surface modification of graphene and graphite by nitrogen plasma: Determination of chemical state alterations and assignments by quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

“…This, however, will affect both the position and the intensity of the C−N and C−O peak components, especially those closest in energy to the unreacted C−C component. -196, 2015 In the applied experimental conditions, using non-monochromatic Mg K 1,2 or Al K 1,2 excitation, the FWHM (full width at half maximum) of the symmetric C1s components of the C−N and C−O bonds are in the range 1.8-1.9 eV . Consequently, if two or more peaks are positioned closer than 0.9 eV, they will overlap significantly, making the determination of their position and intensity unreliable.…”

“…Once their basic properties have been identified, the next main concern is their potential application. They are potential candidates for promising applications in various areas ranging from novel structural materials and field emission devices, to pharmaceutical drugdelivery vectors and also bio-sensing [1][2][3][4][5]. All these applications require some form of surface modification, which explains the great effort that has recently been devoted to such investigations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning

“…The incorporation of these materials into the matrix generally improves the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties of the fiber. Examples of 2D-layered nanofillers used include graphene and graphene oxide (GO) [14,15] owing to their relatively high mechanical strength, and thermal and electrical conductivities [16] which make them promising candidates as nanofillers for enhancement of the fiber properties.…”

Chemical and electrochemical study of fabrics coated with reduced graphene oxide

“…The amazing electronic, mechanical, optical or thermal properties properties shown by this material open the door to a range of different applications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Different methods have been employed for the production of graphene and its derivatives [16][17][18].…”