Production, quality and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs)

Šarc, Renato; Lorber, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.004

Cited by 92 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Waste (or refuse)-derived fuel (WDF or RDF) is defined as 'a heterogeneous group of non-43 hazardous wastes that do not cease to be such by virtue of their being used to generate energy without 44 a greater negative environmental impact than landfill disposal' (WRAP, 2012a). Refuse-derived fuels 45 are prepared by processing waste materials from municipal, industrial and commercial sources, and 46 they are typically used in co-incineration plants in different industries, such as cement kilns and 47 power stations (Lorber et al, 2012;Sarc and Lorber, 2013). In contrast, solid recovered fuel (SRF) is 48 a term used by waste industry to indicate a composition of waste derived fuel which meets strict 49 quality specifications.…”

Section: Introduction 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of real-time methods for solid waste characterisation: Informing material recovery and fuel production

2017

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Waste management processes generally represent a significant loss of material, energy and economic resources, so legislation and financial incentives are being implemented to improve the recovery of these valuable resources whilst reducing contamination levels. Material recovery and waste derived fuels are potentially valuable options being pursued by industry, using mechanical and biological processes incorporating sensor and sorting technologies developed and optimised for recycling plants. In its current state, waste management presents similarities to other industries that could improve their efficiencies using process analytical technology tools. Existing sensor technologies could be used to measure critical waste characteristics, providing data required by existing legislation, potentially aiding waste treatment processes and assisting stakeholders in decision making. Optical technologies offer the most flexible solution to gather real-time information applicable to each of the waste mechanical and biological treatment processes used by industry. In particular, combinations of optical sensors in the visible and the near-infrared range from 800nm to 2500nm of the spectrum, and different mathematical techniques, are able to provide material information and fuel properties with typical performance levels between 80% and 90%. These sensors not only could be used to aid waste processes, but to provide most waste quality indicators required by existing legislation, whilst offering better tools to the stakeholders.

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Section: Introduction 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of real-time methods for solid waste characterisation: Informing material recovery and fuel production

2017

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“…This feedstock material is often known as refusederived fuel (RDF). There are various types of RDF (Worrell and Vesilind, 2012;p.291), and the composition and quality of RDF can vary dramatically (Sarc and Lorber, 2013). Syngas also contains smaller amounts of methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, ammonia, and trace components.…”

Section: Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An industrial ecology approach to municipal solid waste management: II. Case studies for recovering energy from the organic fraction of MSW

Smith

Sengupta

Rao

et al. 2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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a b s t r a c tThe organic fraction of municipal solid waste provides abundant opportunities for industrial ecologybased symbiotic use. Energy production, economics, and environmental aspects are analyzed for four alternatives based on different technologies: incineration with energy recovery, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation. In these cases electricity and ethanol are the products considered, but other products and attempts at symbiosis can be made. The four technologies are in various states of commercial development. To highlight their relative complexities some adjustable parameters which are important for the operability of each process are discussed. While these technologies need to be considered for specific locations and circumstances, generalized economic and environmental information suggests relative comparisons for newly conceptualized processes. The results of industrial ecology-based analysis suggest that anaerobic digestion may improve seven emission categories, while fermentation, gasification, and incineration successively improve fewer emissions. A conceptual level analysis indicates that gasification, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation alternatives lead to positive economic results. In each case the alternatives and their assumptions need further analysis for any particular community.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…A large part of these are commercial waste of the most various pre-treatment intensity or residual fractions from sorting packaging waste. Further fundamental and subject-specific statements on the topic of the production of SRF for energy-oriented exhaustion in the cement industry as well as on the topic of quality assurance and the normal market qualities have been described and discussed by Lorber et al (2012), Sarc et al (2013), Sarc et al (2014) and Aldrian et al (2016). The aim of the present work was to determine the combustion properties as well as the concentration of heavy metals in different grain size classes in comparison to the legal limits for waste types suitable for SRF production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Size-Related Characterization of Various Non-Hazardous Municipal and Commercial Waste for Solid Recovered Fuel (Srf) Production

et al. 2019

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This article deals with studies on the grain size-related characterization of various types of waste for the production of Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) for the cement industry. By implementing a suitable combination of the mechanical processes and adjusting the proportions of the waste types used, different properties of SRF in certain parameters can be set. In addition to the process technology, the treated solid waste types themselves have the greatest impact on the final quality of SRF.Here, the practical investigation for the characterization of various grain size classes generated of different solid waste types (packaging waste and commercial waste) used for the production of SRF is described. These investigations have been divided into a series of tests (12) with an industrial waste screen and in further tests with a laboratory screen and chemical analyses of all of the produced grain size classes. The mass distribution of the investigated grain size classes for each type of waste show significant differences. As assumed, the parameters calorific value and dry mass content of all types of waste increase with growing grain size. For most heavy metals and chlorine, no clear trend can be shown. For example, nickel accumulates in the commercial waste types in the grain size class 0-20 mm, in the packaging waste in class > 65 mm. The data on waste input material and generation of proper input waste mix is required for production of quality assured and homogeneous SRF for energy recovery in cement industry.

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Production, quality and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs)

Cited by 92 publications

References 4 publications

Critical review of real-time methods for solid waste characterisation: Informing material recovery and fuel production

Critical review of real-time methods for solid waste characterisation: Informing material recovery and fuel production

An industrial ecology approach to municipal solid waste management: II. Case studies for recovering energy from the organic fraction of MSW

Grain Size-Related Characterization of Various Non-Hazardous Municipal and Commercial Waste for Solid Recovered Fuel (Srf) Production

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