Production, Release, Transportation and Elimination of the Neurohypophysial Hormones

Ginsburg, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46127-9_6

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 377 publications

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“…The greatest alteration in discharge rate occurred immediately after the end of the stimulus and no significant change in firing rate was observed after 2 min. Except for one report at very low plasma concentrations the published half-life for vasopressin is not greater than 2 min (Ginsburg, 1968) and that of oxytocin is 2-1 min (Fabian, Forsling, Jones & Lee, 1969). Preliminary experiments carried out under the condition of this investigation showed that 3 min after a rapid intravenous injection the blood concentration of oxytocin had fallen to 35 % of its level immediately after injection and that of vasopressin to 33 %.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…If the supraoptic nucleus is more concerned with vasopressin release and the paraventricular nucleus with oxytocin (see and since the half-life of each hormone is similar (Ginsburg, 1968;Fabian et al 1969) a greater difference would have been expected unless the same number of action potentials represents different quantities of vasopressin and oxytocin. Similarly although significantly less paraventricular units than supraoptic units responded to hypertonic injections there was a far greater percentage change in the blood concentration of oxytocin than vasopressin (which is even more obvious if allowance is made for the milk-ejection potency of vasopressin).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxytocin and ADH secretion in relation to electrical activity in antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units

Dyball¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

113

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SUMMARY1. Electrical recordings were made from antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units during intracarotid injections of hypertonic and isotonic sodium chloride solutions in rats.2. The blood concentrations of vasopressin and oxytocin were estimated by bio-assay before and at different intervals after similar injections.3. Although a significant change in the action potential activity of the supraoptic nucleus was associated with hormone release, the results were not entirely consistent with a simple relationship between action potential activity and hormone secretion. Firstly, although some units were excited by the stimulus a substantial number were inhibited. Secondly, the blood concentration of the hormones, particularly ADH, remained elevated for longer than might have been expected if additional hormone had ceased to be secreted as soon as firing rates had returned to control values.4. There were substantial differences between the initial blood concentrations of vasopressin and oxytocin but the firing rates of units in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei appeared to be the same.5. Although significantly less paraventricular than supraoptic units were affected by hypertonic injections the blood concentration of oxytocin was increased bv a factor of 8 whereas that of vasopressin was increased by a factor of 2-7.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin and ADH secretion in relation to electrical activity in antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units

Dyball¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

113

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“…As well as the hormones the neurosecretory granules contain the socalled carrier proteins -the neurophysins (see Ginsburg, 1968) -and there is mounting evidence that these proteins are released along with the hormones (I-ttenthal, Livett & Hope, 1971;McNeilly, Legros & Forsling, 1972). Norstr6m & Sj6strand (1971 a) found that a rat neurohypophysial protein which cross-reacted with antibodies raised against porcine neurophysin (Norstr6m, Sj6strand, Livett, Uttenthal & Hope, 1971) also first became labelled about 2 hr after injection of [35S]cysteine into the brain in the region of the supraoptic nucleus.…”

Section: Turno Ver Of Neur Oh Ypoph Ysial Hormones 559mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐axonal transport and turnover of neurohypophysial hormones in the rat

Jones¹,

Pickering²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The specific radioactivities of isotopically pure oxytocin and vasopressin prepared from the neural lobe of the pituitary gland have been measured at various times after an intracisternal injection of [3H]tyrosine.2. Radioactive hormone began to appear in the gland 1-2 hr after the injection which suggests an intra-axonal transport velocity of 1-2 mm/hr.3. From 7 days onwards the specific radioactivity of each hormone declined exponentially with the same rate constant and a half-life of about 13 days.4. If the decline in radioactivity can be equated with the release of the hormones, the rates of secretion for the male rat in water balance are 18-7 m-u./day for oxytocin and 28-9 m-u./day for vasopressin.5. Calculation from the secretion rates gave steady-state plasma concentrations of about 3 lzu./ml. for each hormone.

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“…This is a shorter time than would be expected from the results of other workers (see Ginsburg, 1968). The half-life measured may depend on the doses of oxytocin used, for the longest times were obtained after giving large amounts of hormone (2 u/kg or more) whereas the shorter times were estimated with much smaller doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A Sensitive Method for the Assay of Oxytocin in the Circulating Blood

Vane

Williams

1974

British J Pharmacology

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The sensitivity of a wide range of isolated tissues to oxytocin was investigated. The longitudinal muscle strip of duck pulmonary vein proved the most suitable tissue for use with the superfusion technique, contracting to concentrations of oxytocin as low as 10 μu/ml. The duck pulmonary vein superfused with Krebs solution was contracted by oxytocin, the vasopressins, adrenaline, noradrenaline, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, histamine and angiotensin II. Pre‐treatment of the preparation with phenoxybenzamine (1–2 μg/ml) abolished the contractions to catecholamines and reduced the effects of histamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine without affecting the sensitivity to oxytocin. The pulmonary vein contracted when superfused with blood from an anaesthetized dog. This contraction was accompanied by a non‐specific loss of responsiveness. When the pulmonary vein was superfused with Krebs solution that had been dialysed against blood the initial contraction was greatly reduced or abolished as was the loss in responsiveness. Oxytocin was stable in circulating dog's blood but approximately 50% was bound to plasma proteins. Oxytocin was not destroyed in the pulmonary circulation or the hind limbs. In the doses used oxytocin had a half‐life of 60–90 s in the circulation of the dog under steady‐state conditions. Disappearance occurred chiefly in the visceral vascular beds.

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Production, Release, Transportation and Elimination of the Neurohypophysial Hormones

Cited by 44 publications

References 377 publications

Oxytocin and ADH secretion in relation to electrical activity in antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units

Oxytocin and ADH secretion in relation to electrical activity in antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units

Intra‐axonal transport and turnover of neurohypophysial hormones in the rat

A Sensitive Method for the Assay of Oxytocin in the Circulating Blood

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