Productive Moisture in Connection With the Agronomic Practices and Yield of Spring Durum Wheat in the Orenburg Priuralye

Abstract

The article is published on the topic of the state assignment 0761-2019-0004.
 The purpose of research – increasing the yield of durum spring wheat in the conditions of Orenburg-tion of the Urals. Due to the increase in aridity of the climate, there is a lack of productive moisture in the soil, which creates sharply unfavorable conditions for the formation of the crop against the background of rising air temperature. The research method is a field experiment. Field experiments were carried out in the conditions of the Central zone of the Orenburg region in the zone of southern chernozems. Two methods of the main tillage – plowing, soil loosening to a depth of 25-27 cm and the background without the main soil formation-were studied. The experiments are laid in accordance with the requirements of the field research methodology. The left soil moisture was determined by the weight method, the calculation of correlation relations – with the use of the program Statistica 6.0. It is established that the yield of the studied crop has no reliable connection with the reserves of productive moisture to sowing in the soil horizons of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm and is correlated with their amount in the horizon of 60-100 cm and in the meter (0-100 cm) horizon. In the earing phase, the content of useful moisture in both the sowing (0-30 cm), the main root (30-60 cm) and deeper layers of soil (60-100 cm), as well as its amount in the meter horizon is positively associated with the yield of spring durum wheat. Correlation ratios correspondingly on horizons make 0,743; 0,801; 0,954; 0,828, i.e. after earing the role of the moisture containing below a half-meter layer of the soil increases. The most important for the formation of the harvest of spring durum wheat is the accumulation of productive moisture in the soil horizons 30-60 cm and below. Loose soil loosening contributes to better penetration of moisture into the subsurface layers of the soil and increase its reserves.