Productivity and the Morphology of Crop Stands: Patterns With Leaves

Loomis, R. S.; Williams, William A.

doi:10.2135/1969.physiologicalaspects.c3

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Theoretically, increasing radiation use efficiency (RUE, increase in biomass per unit absorbed radiation) provides a novel way to increase potential yield. RUE could be increased by improving photosynthesis by (a) altering crop canopy architecture to alter the distribution of radiation capture between leaves (Loomis & Williams, 1969);(b) introducing a carbon concentrating C 4 mechanism into C 3 plants (Furbank, von Caemmerer, Sheehy, & Edwards, 2009); and (c) reengineering Rubisco (Parry, Madgwick, Carvalho, & Andralojc, 2007). Another opportunity to increase RUE is to optimize mitochondrial respiration in the dark (R dark ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting dark respiration rates of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance

Coast

Shah

Ivakov

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Greater availability of leaf dark respiration (Rdark) data could facilitate breeding efforts to raise crop yield and improve global carbon cycle modelling. However, the availability of Rdark data is limited because it is cumbersome, time consuming, or destructive to measure. We report a non‐destructive and high‐throughput method of estimating Rdark from leaf hyperspectral reflectance data that was derived from leaf Rdark measured by a destructive high‐throughput oxygen consumption technique. We generated a large dataset of leaf Rdark for wheat (1380 samples) from 90 genotypes, multiple growth stages, and growth conditions to generate models for Rdark. Leaf Rdark (per unit leaf area, fresh mass, dry mass or nitrogen, N) varied 7‐ to 15‐fold among individual plants, whereas traits known to scale with Rdark, leaf N, and leaf mass per area (LMA) only varied twofold to fivefold. Our models predicted leaf Rdark, N, and LMA with r2 values of 0.50–0.63, 0.91, and 0.75, respectively, and relative bias of 17–18% for Rdark and 7–12% for N and LMA. Our results suggest that hyperspectral model prediction of wheat leaf Rdark is largely independent of leaf N and LMA. Potential drivers of hyperspectral signatures of Rdark are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting dark respiration rates of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance

Coast

Shah

Ivakov

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Leaf area above the ear is significantly greater and more condensed in most tropical germplasm, where upper internodes are often half the length of those below the ear (Brewbaker, unpublished data, 1968). Broad upper leaves can reduce irradiation of lower leaves (Loomis and Williams, 1969). Fischer et al (1987) charted the reduction of upper leaf areas during six cycles of recurrent selection in three tropical populations and found a reduction of about three percent per cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Genetics of Tassel Branch Numbers in Maize

Brewbaker

2015

Crop Science

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The diversity and genetics of tassel branch numbers (TBN) in maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated in a series of five studies. Diversity was assessed in races and inbreds and genetics assessed in diallels, generation mean analyses (GMAs), near‐isogenic lines (NILs), and recombinant inbred lines (RILs). High diversity characterized 215 tropical maize races that averaged 27.0 ± 3.27 TBN and 80 modern inbreds that averaged 14.8 ± 1.45 TBN. There was a close correlation between TBN values and husk numbers (r = 0.674). Both were much higher in tropical lowlands than in highlands. Correlations of the native elevations of races were r = −0.465 for TBN and r = −0.732 for husk numbers. Reduced tassel size and branch numbers have been viewed as advantages for grain yield, but this could also be attributed to the correlation with husk numbers. The related genetic controls of meristematic activity in tassel and ear are implicated. Heritability studies included an eight‐entry diallel, five sets of progenies for GMA analysis, three sets of RILs, and evaluation of 169 NILs of inbred Hi27. A new mutant Brta (branched tassel) on Chromosome 2 was identified that doubled branch numbers. Inbred TBNs were highly correlated with means of their hybrids (r = 0.918); mean square ratios of general combining ability (GCA) to specific combining ability (SCA) averaged 11.2; and heritability values were high (h = 67%) with negligible dominance and epistasis effects. Midparent heterosis for TBN was high (32%). Variances and means were highly correlated (r = 0.677) and CVs low (average 10.4%). The RIL segregations were interpreted on the basis of three or four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) biased by high‐variance –mean correlations. Inheritance of TBN is concluded to involve additive polygenic systems that could involve many loci in the genus Zea. Reducing TBN in tropical maize offers little challenge to breeders, but seems of doubtful value.

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“…O ângulo da folhagem também é importante na caracterização da arquitetura do dossel, pois não interfere somente na iluminação de uma folha totalmente exposta, mas também a sombra projetada e o fluxo de radiação disponível às folhas inferiores (LOOMIS;WILLIAMS, 1969), afetando a extensão de penetração da luz no dossel (PEDREIRA; MELLO; OTANI, 2001).…”

Section: Quando Se Observa O Iaf Dos Genótipos Avaliados Antes Do Corunclassified

Desempenho agronômico, características morfofisiológicas e valor nutritivo da forragem de quatro genótipos de amendoim forrageiro sob corte

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amizade, companheirismo e ajuda mútua. Aos colegas do Acre, obrigado pela amizade e por sempre estarem presentes nessa caminhada. Aos meus familiares, por todo apoio, ajuda, colaboração e por sempre incentivarem as minhas escolhas e decisões. Agradeço em especial à minha amada, amiga, namorada, esposa Tatiane Loureiro, companheira, batalhadora e incentivadora constante para conquistarmos nossos objetivos. Obrigado por compartilhar dos meus sonhos e por fazer com que eles aconteçam.

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Productivity and the Morphology of Crop Stands: Patterns With Leaves

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Predicting dark respiration rates of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance

Predicting dark respiration rates of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance

Diversity and Genetics of Tassel Branch Numbers in Maize

Desempenho agronômico, características morfofisiológicas e valor nutritivo da forragem de quatro genótipos de amendoim forrageiro sob corte

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