Productivity of Peach Trees: Factors Affecting Dry-weight Distribution During Tree Growth

Chalmers, DJ; Ende, B. Van Den

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084956

Cited by 89 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with other studies on apple trees of different growing conditions and varieties (Palmer, 1988;Minchin et al, 1997;Faqi et al, 2008), while a similar incidence of fruit production on total NPP was also found in other agro-ecosystems, such as a coconut palm plantation (Navarro et al, 2008), peach (Chalmers and van den Ende, 1975), orange (Liguori et al, 2009) and kiwifruit orchards (Rossi et al, 2007). For comparison with other croplands see Ciais et al (2010).…”

Section: Annual and Seasonal C Allocation Patternsupporting

confidence: 93%

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

et al. 2013

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Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net primary production (NPP) over gross primary production (GPP), is a functional parameter that could possibly link the current increasingly accurate global GPP estimates with those of net ecosystem exchange, for which global predictors are still unavailable. Nevertheless, CUE estimates are actually available for only a few ecosystem types, while information regarding agro-ecosystems is scarce, in spite of the simplified spatial structure of these ecosystems that facilitates studies on allocation patterns and temporal growth dynamics.

We combined three largely deployed methods, eddy covariance, soil respiration and biometric measurements, to assess monthly values of CUE, NPP and allocation patterns in different plant organs in an apple orchard during a complete year (2010). We applied a measurement protocol optimized for quantifying monthly values of carbon fluxes in this ecosystem type, which allows for a cross check between estimates obtained from different methods. We also attributed NPP components to standing biomass increments, detritus cycle feeding and lateral exports.

We found that in the apple orchard, both net ecosystem production and gross primary production on a yearly basis, 380 ± 30 g C m⁻² and 1263 ± 189 g C m⁻² respectively, were of a magnitude comparable to those of natural forests growing in similar climate conditions. The largest differences with respect to forests are in the allocation pattern and in the fate of produced biomass. The carbon sequestered from the atmosphere was largely allocated to production of fruit: 49% of annual NPP was taken away from the ecosystem through apple production. Organic material (leaves, fine root litter, pruned wood and early fruit falls) contributing to the detritus cycle was 46% of the NPP. Only 5% was attributable to standing biomass increment, while this NPP component is generally the largest in forests.

The CUE, with an annual average of 0.71 ± 0.12, was higher than the previously suggested constant values of 0.47–0.50. Low nitrogen investment in fruit, the limited root apparatus, and the optimal growth temperature and nutritional condition observed at the site are suggested to be explanatory variables for the high CUE observed

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Section: Annual and Seasonal C Allocation Patternsupporting

confidence: 93%

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

et al. 2013

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“…3) was probably due to increased competition for photoassimilates among fruit themselves and, also, between the fruit and other organs that were developing at the same time (Grossman & DeJong, 1994). High cropping peach trees generally have reduced vegetative growth (Berman & DeJong, 2003) and root growth (Chalmers & Van den Ende, 1975). Results in support of this were found in experiments with late-maturing peach trees in both potted (López et al, 2008) and field grown (Ben Mimoun & DeJong, 2006) conditions, in which root growth was significantly higher in defruited than in commercial crop load treatments.…”

Section: Crop Load and Peach Tree Growthmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In this sense, Chalmers & van den Ende (1975) indicated that the growth of the fruit, roots and frame is competitively inter-related throughout the life of the peach tree, while the growth of leaves and the annual shoots that support them is independent.…”

Section: Root Vs Aerial Peach Growth Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and aerial growth in early-maturing peach trees under two crop load treatments

Abrisqueta

Conejero

López-Martínez

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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The objectives of the paper were to study the pattern of root growth (measured by minirhizotrons) in relation to trunk, fruit and shoot growth and the effects of crop load on tree growth and yield in peach trees. Two crop load (commercial and low) treatments were applied in a mature early-maturing peach tree orchard growing in Mediterranean conditions. Root growth dynamics were measured using minirhizotrons during one growing season. Shoot, trunk and fruit growth were also measured. At harvest, all fruits were weighed, counted and sized. Roots grew throughout the year but at lower rates during the active fruit growth phase. Root growth was asynchronous with shoot growth, while root and trunk growth rates were highest after harvest, when the canopy was big enough to allocate the photo-assimilates to organs that would ensure the following season's yield. Shoot and fruit growth was greater in the low crop load treatment and was accompanied by a non-significant increase in root growth. High level of fruit thinning decreased the current yield but the fruits were more marketable because of their greater size.Additional keywords: fruit growth; minirhizotrons; phenology; Prunus persica L. Batsch; root length density; vegetative growth

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“…No pessegueiro, nem sempre tem sido obtida uma alta correlação entre a área da secção transversal do tronco e o tamanho da copa, mesmo entre plantas de uma mesma cultivar (Chalmers & Van Den Ende, 1975 significativas, cuja causa principal pode ser atribuí-da às características genotípicas dos híbridos (Tabela 3). Neste trabalho, a intensidade de desbaste dos frutos foi baseada no número de ramos, ou seja, em um dos principais componentes do volume da copa.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

O pessegueiro em pomar compacto. IX. dez anos de produção de cultivares sob poda drástica bienal

Barbosa

Dall’Orto²,

Ojima³

et al. 1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo de quatorze cultivares e seleções de pessegueiro (Prunus persica L. Batsch) e nectarineira cultivadas no espaçamento de 4 x 1,5 m (1.667 pl/ha), sob poda drástica bienal da copa. Pelos resultados obtidos no decênio 1986-95, verificou-se que as cultivares e seleções mais produtivas foram (número e kg de frutos/planta respectivamente): Aurora-1 (112; 9,2), IAC 680-178 (94; 8,5), IAC 680-13 (95; 8,1), Talismã (99; 8,1), Régis (98; 7,8) e Flordaprince (91; 7,7). No ano agrícola de 1995, as variáveis analisadas, área da secção transversal do tronco, área da folha, número e massa dos frutos por cm 2 de tronco, apresentaram diferenciação estatística entre cultivares e seleções. A poda drástica bienal da copa ocasionou, tanto em material precoce quanto mediano, diminuição de produção a cada duas safras, não chegando, porém, a prejudicar a produtividade média do pomar.Termos para indexação: Prunus persica, prática cultural, seleções IAC, longevidade da planta, produtividade, vigor, área foliar. THE PEACH MEADOW ORCHARD SYSTEM. IX. YIELD OF CULTIVARS DURING TEN YEARS ON BIENNIAL DRASTIC PRUNINGABSTRACT -Fourteen peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) and nectarine cultivars and selections, budded on Okinawa rootstock, were grown under the meadow orchard system, with biennial drastic pruning at 4 x 1.5 m spacing. Results obtained during ten years of experiments clearly indicate that Aurora-1, IAC 680-178, IAC 680-13, Talismã, Régis and Flordaprince peaches were the best, with an average yield (fruits) per tree of 112, 9.2; 94, 8.5; 95, 8.1; 99, 8.1; 98, 7.8 and 91, 7.7 number and kg/tree respectively. The biennial drastic pruning decreased the yield of trees every two years, without affecting the average decennial productivity. In 1995, data on trunk cross-sectional area, fruits and mass per cm 2 of trunk and leaf area presented significant differences among cultivars and selections.

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Productivity of Peach Trees: Factors Affecting Dry-weight Distribution During Tree Growth

Cited by 89 publications

References 10 publications

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

Root and aerial growth in early-maturing peach trees under two crop load treatments

O pessegueiro em pomar compacto. IX. dez anos de produção de cultivares sob poda drástica bienal

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