Productivity of wormwood (Artemisia abrotanum) enhanced by trace elements

Abstract

Background and objective Artemisia abrotanum (A. abrotanum) used for against cancer, cough, fever, and tumors; also, it contains essential oil (EO) used in antimicrobial possesses. Trace elements (iron, Fe; magnesium, Mg; and manganese, Mn) play important roles in physiological processes and metabolisms of A. abrotanum plants. In this study, growth, yield, EO, and nutrient contents of A. abrotanum were evaluated under foliar spray of Fe, Mg, or Mn treatments. Materials and methods Plants subjected to different rates of Fe (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/L), Mg (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L), or Mn (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L) as individual experiments. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA-1. Results Obtained results showed that Fe (3 g/L), Mg (8 g/L), or Mn (300 mg/L) resulted in the greatest values of growth characters (plant height, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts), EO content (% and mL/100 plants), major constituents of EO (2-hydroxy-1, 8-cineole, β-eudesmol, and camphor), nutrient contents, and their uptakes. Different changes were found in various chemical classes of EO (mono and sesquiterpenes). Conclusion Significant variations were detected in growth, yield, EO, and nutrient contents due to foliar applications of various trace elements such as Fe, Mg, and Mn.

Artemisia Species with High Biological Values as a Potential Source of Medicinal and Cosmetic Raw Materials

“…Additionally, various sesquiterpenoid compounds have been reported in essential oils of the discussed Artemisia ssp. ( Table 2 ) [ 2 , 11 , 33 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 65 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ].…”

“…In addition to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and diterpenoids are found in essential oils [ 9 , 11 , 33 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 65 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 115 , 144 , 149 , 150 , 151 ]. Phenylpropanoids are detected in the essential oils of A. abrotanum , A. absinthium , and A. dracunculus , among which estragole, elemicine, eugenol, and their derivatives are the most common [ 11 , 54 , 80 , 82 , 89 , 97 ,…”

“…Some activity against Aspergillus flavus Lethal effect of the essential oil of A. abrotanum herb on C. albicans (inhibition zone diameter = 20.0 mm). [ 80 , 168 , 237 ] Methanol leaves nt nt A microtiter plate-based protocol (microdilution) Inhibition of the growth of the bacteria Bacillus cereus (MIC = 0.41 mg/mL), E. coli (MIC = 0.39 mg/mL), Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = 0.45 mg/mL), Micrococcus flavus (MIC = 0.57 mg/mL), P. aeruginosa (MIC = 0.47 mg/mL), and S. aureus (MIC = 0.38 mg/mL), and the fungi A. flavus (MIC = 0.39 mg/mL), Aspergillus niger (MIC = 0.78 mg/mL), Aspergillus ochraceus (MIC = 0.55 mg/mL), C. albicans (MIC = 0.86 mg/mL), Penicillium funiculosum (MIC = 0.85 mg/mL), and Penicillium ochrochloron (MIC = 0.86 mg/mL) by leaf extracts of A. abrotanum. [ 20 ] Ethanol herb nt nt In vitro/micromethod of diffusion in agar Moderate inhibition of the growth of the bacteria Citrobacter freundii (inhibition zones diameter = 8.81 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (inhibition zones diameter = 6.65 mm), E. coli (inhibition zones diameter = 6.44 mm), P. aeruginosa (inhibition zones diameter = 8.52 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (inhibition zones diameter = 5.29 mm), Streptococcus agalactiae (inhibition zones diameter = 5.19 mm), Streptococcus gordoni (inhibition zones diameter = 5.89 mm); methicillin-susceptible: S. aureus (inhibition zones diameter = 6.34 mm)and Staphylococcus epidermis (inhibition zones diameter = 6.38 mm); methicillin-resistant: S. aureus (inhibition zones diameter = 7.20 mm) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (inhibition zones diameter = 6.85 mm); and macrolides-resistant: Propionibacterium acnes (inhibition zones diameter = 8.71 mm) strains.…”

“… Inhibitory effect of the oil fraction on the development of A. niger and C. albicans (inhibition zone diameter = 12.5 mm). [ 41 , 80 , 88 , 151 , 250 , 251 , 252 ] Antioxidant activity A. abrotanum Ethanol Herb Polyphenols Apigenin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gentisic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, luteolin, rutoside, sinapic acid, quercitol, quercitrin, In vitro Moderate antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 284.50 µg/mL) of A. abrotanum ethanolic extract in the test with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). [ 58 ] Essential oil Aerial parts nt nt In vitro Reducing potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (82.34%, 1000 µL) by the essential oil from the herb of A. abrotanum .…”

Artemisia abrotanum L. (Southern Wormwood)—History, Current Knowledge on the Chemistry, Biological Activity, Traditional Use and Possible New Pharmaceutical and Cosmetological Applications

“…In the experiment the scientists treated A. abrotanum with foliar spray containing iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) or manganese (Mn). The foliar application of Fe (3 g/L), Mg (8 g/L) or Mn (300 mg/L) significantly increased values of growth, yield, major constituents of essential oil and chemical composition of the plant in comparison with control [ 46 ].…”