Products of Benz[<i>a</i>]anthracene Photodegradation in the Presence of Known Organic Constituents of Atmospheric Aerosols

Jang, Myoseon; McDow, Stephen R.

doi:10.1021/es960559s

Cited by 116 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similar formation process of dicarboxylic acid was also observed in a background site in Sweden (Hyder et al, 2012). 1,2-Phthalic acid has been proposed as secondarily formed by the oxidation of naphthalene (Fine et al, 2004;Kleindienst et al, 2012) or other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benz(a)antharacene (Jang and McDow, 1997). Concentration of naphthalene which is a ubiquitous pollutant in the atmosphere was reported to be as high as 3.5 µg/m 3 in Hong Kong in the PRD region (Lee et al, 2001).…”

Section: Source Attribution 231 Source Identificationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Zhao

Wang

Ding

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Section: Source Attribution 231 Source Identificationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Zhao

Wang

Ding

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…The average concentration of phthalic acid in PRD (81 ± 74 ng m −3 ) is ∼2 times higher than that observed in urban area of Tokyo in summer (29 ng m −3 on average) (Kawamura and Yasui, 2005), but is close to those reported in the Chinese cities (Ho et al, 2007). Phthalic acid can be formed by photodegradation of naphthalene (NAP) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric aerosols (Bunce et al, 1997;Jang and McDow, 1997). NAP is a ubiquitous pollutant in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Molecular Compositions Of Dicarboxylic Acids Ketoacids and mentioning

confidence: 71%

Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China

Lee

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

102

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Abstract. Ground-based PM 2.5 samples collected at four different sites in Pearl River Delta region (PRD) during winter and summer (from 14 December 2006 to 28 January 2007 in winter and from 4 July to 9 August 2007 in summer) were analyzed for 30 water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls, nine fatty acids, and benzoic acid. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids demonstrated that oxalic acid (C 2 ) was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid (Ph) in PRD region. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids ranged from 99 to 1340 ng m −3 , with an average of 438 ± 267 ng m −3 in PRD. The concentrations of total ketocarboxylic acids ranged from 0.6 to 207 ng m −3 (43 ± 48 ng m −3 on average) while the concentrations of total α-dicarbonyls, including glyoxal and methylglyoxal, ranged from 0.2 to 89 ng m −3 , with an average of 11 ± 18 ng m −3 in PRD. The total quantified watersoluble compounds (TQWOC) (organic carbon) accounted for 3.4 ± 2.2% of OC and 14.3 ± 10.3% of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Hexadecanoic acid (C 16:0 ), octadecanoic acid (C 18:0 ) and oleic acid (C 18:1 ) were the three most abundant fatty acids in PRD. The distributions of fatty acids were characterized by a strong even carbon number predominance with a maximum (C max ) at hexadecanoic acid (C 16:0 ). Ratio of C 18:1 to C 18:0 acts as an indicator for aerosol aging. In PRD, an average of C 18:1 /C 18:0 ratio was 0.53 ± 0.39, suggesting an enhanced photochemical degradation of unsaturated fatty acid. Moreover, the concentrations of benzoic acid ranged from 84 to 306 ng m −3 , (165 ± 48 ng m −3 on average), which can be emitted as primary pollutant from motor Correspondence to: K. F. Ho (cehokf@polyu.edu.hk) vehicles exhaust, or formed from photochemical degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Seasonal variations of the organic specie concentrations were found in the four sampling cities. Higher concentrations of TQWOC were observed in winter (598 ± 321 ng m −3 ) than in summer (372 ± 215 ng m −3 ). However, the abundances of TQWOC in OC mass were higher in summer (0.9-12.4%, 4.5 ± 2.7% on average) than in winter (1.1-5.7, 2.5 ± 1.2% on average), being consistent with enhanced secondary production of dicarboxylic acids in warmer weather. Spatial variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids were characterized by higher concentrations in Hong Kong and lower concentrations in Guangzhou (GZ)/Zhaoqing (ZQ) during winter whereas the highest concentrations were observed in GZ/ZQ during summer. These spatial and seasonal distributions are consistent with photochemical production and the subsequent accumulation under different meteorological conditions.

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“…The formation of phthalic acids and their introduction into an urban atmosphere may involve the aging of plastic materials in an environment in which ester groups are hydrolyzed to form parent phthalic acids (Ray and McDow, 2005). Furthermore, phthalic acids and related compounds have been suggested as being produced by atmospheric chemical reactions involving directly emitted PAHs that degrade to phthalic acids upon contact with polycyclic aromatic quinones (Jang and McDow, 1997).…”

Section: Aliphatic and Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Compound Concentrations of Size-Segregated PM10 during Sugarcane Burning and Growing Seasons at a Rural and an Urban Site in Florida, USA

Sevimoğlu

Rogge

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Florida has the most land used to grow sugarcane crops in the United States. The preharvest sugarcane leaf burning elevates ambient particle matter (PM) concentrations in rural areas with dominant sugarcane agriculture (Belle Glade) and affects the air quality of coastal urban sites (Delray Beach). In this study, ambient particles segregated by size were analyzed to identify trace organic compounds from PM sources that may cause adverse health effects. The sampling campaign was conducted simultaneously at urban and rural sites, and revealed that the organic compound concentration of each particle size varies significantly between the sugarcane burning season (SBS) in January and sugarcane growing season (SGS) in May. The results indicated that PM 3 contains at least 76% of the organic compound concentrations detected in the samples collected from both sites and during both seasons. The concentrations of trace organic compounds were higher in the SBS than in the SGS. Combustion-oriented hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oxygenated PAHs were mainly detected in PM 0.49 . The detection of elevated levoglucosan concentrations at the urban site indicates that fine particles generated from biomass burning traveled from the rural site to the urban site. Secondary organic compounds such as dicarboxylic acids, phytol, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone exhibited similar concentration patterns in the rural and urban sites during both seasons. In the SGS, PM 10 concentrations at both sites were extremely similar; however, the organic compound levels were lower at the rural site than at the urban site in the SBS. This result should be investigated further by researchers investigating the health aspects of organic compound concentrations.

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Products of Benz[a]anthracene Photodegradation in the Presence of Known Organic Constituents of Atmospheric Aerosols

Cited by 116 publications

References 36 publications

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China

Organic Compound Concentrations of Size-Segregated PM10 during Sugarcane Burning and Growing Seasons at a Rural and an Urban Site in Florida, USA

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Products of Benz[a]anthracene Photodegradation in the Presence of Known Organic Constituents of Atmospheric Aerosols

Cited by 116 publications

References 36 publications

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Pearl Delta River Region, China

Organic Compound Concentrations of Size-Segregated PM10 during Sugarcane Burning and Growing Seasons at a Rural and an Urban Site in Florida, USA

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Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China