Produtividade do tomateiro em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com espécies aromáticas e medicinais

Abstract

Yield of tomato in monocrop and intercropping with aromatics plantsTomato is mainly cultivated in monocrops, by intensive use of chemical products. It is an activity with economic, social and environmental risks. The intercropping has been used as a form to reduce these risks. In this work the yield of tomato in sole crop and intercropping with Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum and Ruta graveolens was evaluated. The monocrop of tomato and its intercropping was evaluated with aromatic plants in a complete randomized design, with five treatments and four blocks. We evaluated height, canopy area, production, yield and land equivalent ratio. On the population density adopted, the F. vulgare (fennel) presented greater height and canopy area, and caused significant reduction on total production of tomato, from 12.23 kg, in monocrop, to 7.88 kg, when intercropped with fennel. However, intercropping with fennel contributed to a lesser loose caused by fruits borer (24%). The greatest loose caused by fruits borer occurred in monocropping and in intercropping with M. piperita (peppermint). Intercropping with Ruta graveolens (rue) resulted significant increase of commercial production of fruits, about 26%. The relative yield of tomato was greater in intercropping with rue (13.6 t ha -1 ), followed by intercropping with peppermint (9.8 t ha -1 ) and with O. basilicum (basil) (9.1 t ha -1 ), and lesser on intercropping with fennel (6.4 t ha -1 ). These results showed that the intercropping with rue was more advantageous than others producing more fruits. Among the studied aromatic plants, basil presented the highest yield (96.5 t ha -1 ). The tomato intercropping with aromatic cultures permits better use of land and higher yield, mainly when intercropping with rue. All aromatics plants evaluated represent an alternative source of gain.

Aromatic plants affect the selection of host tomato plants by Bemisia tabaci biotype B

“…This would be a suitable approach, mostly late in the summer crop season when huge populations of B. tabaci infest horticultural crops from soybean fields. Higher tomato yields have been observed under intercropping with AP compared to tomato alone, so it is a more profitable system (Carvalho et al, 2009). These arrangements could also involve other strategies such as trap-cropping, which has been reported to have little to no effect on whitefly populations, mostly B. tabaci (Lee et al, 2009).…”

Efeito de solo previamente cultivado com plantas aromáticas na germinação e no desenvolvimento inicial de alface

“…Alguns trabalhos relatam o uso de plantas aromáticas em consórcio com hortaliças e os resultados variam dependendo da espécie e do ambiente. Carvalho et al (2009) observaram que o consórcio de tomate e arruda proporcionou um aumento significativo na produção comercial de tomates em cerca de 26%, porém o consórcio de tomate e M. x villosa proporcionou a maior perda de frutos por broqueamento, nesse caso testando seu efeito sobre a repelência de pragas em hortaliças. Mota et al (2011) relataram que o consórcio de alface e marcela é viável, porém a cultura da alface se desenvolve melhor no cultivo solteiro ou em maiores espaçamentos possivelmente devido alguma interferência negativa TABELA 1.…”

“…A introdução dessas plantas nos modelos agroecológicos de produção traz uma série de benefícios, mostrando-se promissoras quando em consórcio com hortaliças (Maia et al, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2009;Mota et al, 2011;Vieira et al 2012) na repelência de insetos vetores (Togni et al, 2009;Guimarães et al, 2012a;2012b) e na diversidade de pragas e de artrópodes predadores (Medeiros et al, 2009).…”

Assessment of Fennel Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Their Predators in Fennel Intercropped With Cotton With Colored Fibers

“…Additional studies have been performed in both monoculture and intercropped systems of upland (Gonzaga et al 1991), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) × aromatic and/or medicinal crops (Carvalho et al 2009), and fennel (F. vulgare) × dill (Anethum graveolens L.) (Carrubba et al 2008). However, we are still in the early stages of obtaining information on the distribution of H. foeniculi within the fennel plant when intercropped with naturally colored cotton.…”

“…Therefore, understanding the population dynamics and vertical distribution of insect pests and their enemies on host plants is fundamental for developing integrated pest control programs (Cividanes & Santos 2003;Fernandes et al 2012a;Fernandes et al 2012b). Foeniculum vulgare is grown both as a monoculture and intercropped with other plant species of commercial interest in the northeast of Brazil (Ferreira & Silva 2004;Carvalho et al 2009;Malaquias et al 2010;Ramalho et al 2012a). Intercropping can influence insect population dynamics, increasing or decreasing the population density of pests and natural enemies in the agroecosystem (Gonzaga et al 1991;Cividanes & Yamamoto 2002).…”