RESUMO: O óleo de sementes de genótipos convencionais de girassol apresenta, geralmente, teores de 55 a 65% de ácido graxo linoleico, que pode reduzir o colesterol plasmático total e a fração LDL-colesterol, além de reduzir os riscos de doenças cardiovasculares. Além dos convencionais, genótipos mutantes têm sido obtidos com teores superiores a 80% de ácido graxo oleico, cujo óleo possui maior estabilidade na fritura, além de trazer benefícios à saúde. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar métodos e avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de rendimento de grãos e de óleo de genótipos de girassol convencional e alto oleico na Região Sul do Brasil, uma das regiões promissoras para o seu cultivo. Os dados dos componentes de rendimento foram obtidos entre 2008 e 2010, de ensaios conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em diferentes locais dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e do Paraná. O estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade foi feito por meio dos métodos Eberhart e Russell, Rocha et al., Lin e Binns modificado por Carneiro, Annicchiarico, e Porto, Carvalho e Pinto. Os híbridos convencionais V 50070 e Paraíso 20 tiveram adaptabilidade a ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis para os dois componentes de rendimento. Os três últimos métodos apresentaram grande similaridade e possibilitaram ainda selecionar genótipos com desempenho em ambientes específicos, mesmo quando não se destacaram na média geral. Os híbridos EXP 1450 (alto oleico) e PARAÍSO 33 (convencional) foram indicados para ambientes desfavoráveis e favoráveis, respectivamente.
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto financeiro do uso de níveis de controle (NC) e faixas circundantes na cultura de tomate em cultivos de primavera-verão e de inverno-primavera. As espécies usadas nas faixas circundantes foram: Crotalaria juncea, guandu, milho e sorgo. O ataque de minadores de folhas foi semelhante nas duas épocas de cultivo. Os ataques de broqueadores aos ápices caulinares e aos frutos foram 443 e 45% maiores no cultivo de primavera-verão do que no de inverno-primavera, respectivamente. O uso de NC reduziu de 25 a 87% as aplicações de inseticidas e em 20% o custo de produção. A adoção de NC + faixas de cultivo reduziu em 37% o custo de produção e possibilitou a ocorrência de maiores populações de Hymenoptera predadores, principalmente no cultivo de inverno-primavera. O tratamento que apresentou as maiores produtividades e rentabilidade econômica, além de proporcionar a maior redução nas aplicações de inseticidas, foi o uso de faixa de cultivo com sorgo + NC.Palavras-chave: Lycopersicon esculentum, níveis de controle, faixas de cultivo, época de plantio.ABSTRACT. Financial impacts by the adoption of integrated pest management in tomato crop. This work aimed to evaluate the financial impact of the use of action level and surrounding crop strips on the tomato cultivated during spring-summer and winterspring. The species used in the surrounding strips were Crotalaria juncea, pigeon pea, corn, and sorghum. Leafminers attack was similar in the two cultivation seasons. The attacks of borer insects in the stem apexes and fruits were larger 443 and 45% in the spring-summer cultivation than in the winter-spring cultivation, respectively. The action levels used decreased 25 to 87% of the insecticide applications and it decreased the production cost in 20%. The use of action level + surrounding strips reduced the production cost in 37% and increased Hymenoptera predator populations, mainly in the winter-spring cultivation. Sorghum surrounding strip + action levels was the best treatment because it showed the largest productivity and economic profitability, besides leading to the greatest reduction in insecticide applications.
Yield of tomato in monocrop and intercropping with aromatics plantsTomato is mainly cultivated in monocrops, by intensive use of chemical products. It is an activity with economic, social and environmental risks. The intercropping has been used as a form to reduce these risks. In this work the yield of tomato in sole crop and intercropping with Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum and Ruta graveolens was evaluated. The monocrop of tomato and its intercropping was evaluated with aromatic plants in a complete randomized design, with five treatments and four blocks. We evaluated height, canopy area, production, yield and land equivalent ratio. On the population density adopted, the F. vulgare (fennel) presented greater height and canopy area, and caused significant reduction on total production of tomato, from 12.23 kg, in monocrop, to 7.88 kg, when intercropped with fennel. However, intercropping with fennel contributed to a lesser loose caused by fruits borer (24%). The greatest loose caused by fruits borer occurred in monocropping and in intercropping with M. piperita (peppermint). Intercropping with Ruta graveolens (rue) resulted significant increase of commercial production of fruits, about 26%. The relative yield of tomato was greater in intercropping with rue (13.6 t ha -1 ), followed by intercropping with peppermint (9.8 t ha -1 ) and with O. basilicum (basil) (9.1 t ha -1 ), and lesser on intercropping with fennel (6.4 t ha -1 ). These results showed that the intercropping with rue was more advantageous than others producing more fruits. Among the studied aromatic plants, basil presented the highest yield (96.5 t ha -1 ). The tomato intercropping with aromatic cultures permits better use of land and higher yield, mainly when intercropping with rue. All aromatics plants evaluated represent an alternative source of gain.
Ten cassava cultivars were grown in the field and evaluated to identify the most adapted to the Coastal Tablelands of northeast Brazil. The cultivars showed differences in proline and chlorophyll contents, plant height, number of leaves and branches, canopy area and root production, however they did not differ on photosynthetic rates. whereas 'BRS Tapioqueira' and 'Irará' had the highest root yield. Few leaves coupled with the highest water use efficiency for CO 2 assimilation was found in 'BRS Kiriris' in contrast to
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