Profession and Dietary Habits as Determinants of Perceived and Expected Values

Dhar, Upinder; Parashar, Sapna; Tiwari, Tripti

doi:10.1177/097168580801400208

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Of the remaining 158 participants, the numerical distribution to the different nutritional groups was not apparent to the researchers (Allen et al, 2000: sub-study 1). Sample sizes ranged from 72 (Dhar et al, 2008) to 6,422 (Forestell and Nezlek, 2018), with a median of 386 (336, respectively, when considering each of the two sub-studies of six studies independently (Allen et al, 2000;Lindeman and Sirelius, 2001;Ruby et al, 2013;Piazza et al, 2015;Sariyska et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2021). The mean age of participants ranged from 18.8 (Nezlek et al, 2018) to 51.84 years (Pfeiler and Egloff, 2018), with a median of 30.9 years (31.04 years, respectively), when considering each of the two sub-studies of six studies independently (Allen et al, 2000;Lindeman and Sirelius, 2001;Ruby et al, 2013;Piazza et al, 2015;Sariyska et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Setting and Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering each of the two sub-studies of six studies independently (Allen et al, 2000;Lindeman and Sirelius, 2001;Ruby et al, 2013;Piazza et al, 2015;Sariyska et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2021), the percentage of women was between 51 (Allen et al, 2000) and 100% (Lindeman and Sirelius, 2001;Forestell et al, 2012), respectively, with a median of 67.7%. In the study conducted by Dhar et al (2008), no information on gender distribution was provided. Information on the ethnicity of the participants or population groups differed widely and was often not specified.…”

Section: Setting and Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences Between Omnivores and Vegetarians in Personality Profiles, Values, and Empathy: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Numerous medical studies have documented vegetarian diets as having various health benefits. Studies have also compared vegetarians with other dietary groups from a socio-psychological perspective. The objective of this review is to investigate the differences between vegetarians and omnivores in terms of their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills. A search was conducted across three electronic databases. Non-randomized, observational, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were eligible. Outcomes provided information about the differences between the above-mentioned dietary groups regarding their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills. A shortened version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias for the included studies. Of the 2,513 different studies found, 25 (total number of participants n = 23,589) were ultimately included. These studies indicate that vegetarians significantly differ from omnivores in their personalities, values, and ability to be empathetic. Omnivorism is associated with an increased orientation toward social dominance, greater right-wing authoritarianism, and, in line with this, a stronger tendency to be prejudiced. Vegetarianism is associated with greater openness and empathy. The values of vegetarians are based more on universalism, hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction, whereas the values of omnivores are based more on the idea of power. To answer a narrowly defined and clear question, issues such as animal ethics, animal rights, and environmental protection are not considered in this review. The findings of this review, showing marked differences in personality correlating to the choice of diet and the increasing influence of plant-based diets on a global level, indicate that further studies about vegetarianism are warranted.

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Section: Setting and Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Setting and Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences Between Omnivores and Vegetarians in Personality Profiles, Values, and Empathy: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…Schwartz and Bardi (2001) view values as "desirable, transsituational goals, varying in importance, that serve as guiding principles in people's lives" (p. 4). Dhar et al (2008) argue for values as micro-macro concepts, emphasising that "at the micro level of individual behaviour, values are motivating as internalized standards that reconcile a person's needs with the demands of social life. They allow individuals to evaluate the options that are available to them for action.…”

Section: Universalism Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universalism values and organisational citizenship behaviour referring to employee perception of corporate social responsibility

Stankevičiūtė

Wereda

2020

Management &Amp; Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society

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AbstractOver the past decade, the number of studies investigating corporate social responsibility (CSR), its drivers and benefits has been growing. However, several gaps still remain. Previous research mostly investigated customer perceptions of CSR, leaving the employee perceptions in the sidelines and accordingly neglecting the employee importance. Furthermore, although acknowledging that employee perception of CSR is beneficial for the organisation, most of the previous studies have focused on employee attitudes as a desirable outcome forgetting about the employee behaviour, including organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), which can be a source of competitive advantage. Moreover, although values have been recognised as key determinants of human attitudes and behaviour, it seems that the potential of values, including the universalism values, for driving the employee perception of CSR and OCB has not been revealed. Trying to close the gap, the paper aims at revealing the relationship between the employee perceptions of CSR, employee OCB and universalism values. In doing this, quantitative data were collected (301 responses in total). Consistent with the expectations, the survey indicated that employee perceptions of CSR directed at four main stakeholder groups, namely employees, customers, government, and social and non-social stakeholders had a positive effect on OCB. As it was expected, universalism values drive both the employee perception of CSR and employee OCB. Moreover, the findings support the idea that the employee perception of CSR partly mediates the relationship between the universalism values and OCB. Generally, the obtained results highlight the necessity for organisations to invest not only in CSR, but also in employee perceptions of CSR, as this could drive extra-role employee behaviour, namely OCB.

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“…According to Bengtson and Lovejoy (1973), values are conceptions of the desirable-self-sufficient ends which can be ordered and which serve as orientations to action. Dhar et al (2008) divided the concept of values into micro and macro levels, "at the micro level of individual behaviour, values are motivating as internalized standards that reconcile a person's needs with the demands of social life. At the macro level of cultural practices, values represent shared understandings that give meaning, order and integration to social living" (Dhar et al 2008, p.183).…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values and Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions of Chinese University Students

Wang

Juslin

2012

J Acad Ethics

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of personal demographic factors on Chinese university students' values and perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues, and to identify the link between personal values and perceptions of CSR. The quantitative data consisted of 980 Chinese university students, and were collected by using a structured self-completion questionnaire. This study found that: 1) the importance of values education should be stressed, because we found that altruistic values associate negatively with perception of CSR, in contrast, egoistic values associate positively; 2) a CSR education programme should be designed accordingly to fit different student characteristics and needs such as gender and major differences; 3) values should be used as criteria for education and recruitment purposes, e.g., we found that female students represent more ethical values than male students, and have a more negative perception of the CSR performance; 4) the importance of environment performance should be recognised by Chinese corporations and policy-makers, because we found that Chinese corporations perform better in economic and social responsibilities than environmental responsibility. It provides an insight of the value structures of Chinese university students and the forces that shape ethical perceptions. It offers a comprehensive study of Chinese companies' CSR performance, and the results improve the awareness of scholars and managers in solving the current problems and developing their CSR performances further.

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Profession and Dietary Habits as Determinants of Perceived and Expected Values

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Differences Between Omnivores and Vegetarians in Personality Profiles, Values, and Empathy: A Systematic Review

Differences Between Omnivores and Vegetarians in Personality Profiles, Values, and Empathy: A Systematic Review

Universalism values and organisational citizenship behaviour referring to employee perception of corporate social responsibility

Values and Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions of Chinese University Students

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