Professional Burnout, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Physical Health in Clinical and Counselling Psychology Trainees

Kaeding, April; Sougleris, Christina; Reid, Corinne; Vreeswijk, M.F. van; Hayes, Chris; Dorrian, Jillian; Simpson, Susan

doi:10.1002/jclp.22485

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Although willingness to help others and maintaining high standards are adaptive and essential to being an effective psychologist, our findings indicate that a significant proportion of psychologists endorse these EMS at a level that suggests excessive and maladaptive attitudes and behaviours associated with helping. These findings are consistent with preliminary research on trainee psychologists that found relatively high levels of self‐sacrifice and unrelenting standards EMS (Kaeding et al, ; Saddichha et al, ; Wyman, ) as well as broader theories about how psychologists become at risk of burnout. Much, Swanson, and Jazazewski () suggest that when personal needs are unmet and psychologists experience difficulty setting boundaries and limits with colleagues and patients, they may be more likely to experience symptoms of burnout.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Burnout amongst clinical and counselling psychologist: The role of early maladaptive schemas and coping modes as vulnerability factors

Simpson

Simionato

Smout

et al. 2018

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Psychologists are subject to multiple competing emotional demands that increase the risk of burnout. Research has demonstrated that burnout arises from both organizational and personal factors, including psychologists' personal beliefs and coping. Preliminary research indicates that early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are associated with high burnout, yet, to date, the role of EMS and associated coping responses (maladaptive coping modes [MCM]) in predicting high burnout amongst psychologists has not been investigated. Four hundred forty-three psychologists completed a self-report online questionnaire comprising the Maslach Burnout Inventory-emotional exhaustion scale (EE), Young Schema Questionnaire, and Schema Mode Inventory. The two most common EMS amongst psychologists were unrelenting standards and self-sacrifice. There was substantial indication of burnout, with 18.3% in the high range and 29.6% in the moderate range of EE. The most common MCM were detached protector and detached self-soother. Controlling for demographics and job demands, EMS accounted for an additional 18% variance in EE. MCM accounted for an additional 6% beyond the variance explained by demographics, job demands, and EMS. Practical recommendations are suggested to reduce psychologist burnout.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Burnout amongst clinical and counselling psychologist: The role of early maladaptive schemas and coping modes as vulnerability factors

Simpson

Simionato

Smout

et al. 2018

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

Self Cite

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“…Although the results found in the literature are consistent in showing the emotional difficulties faced by clinical psychology trainees, most of the studies have used qualitative and cross-sectional survey methods (e.g., Cushway, 1992;Cushway & Tyler, 1994;Galvin & Smith, 2015;Kaeding et al, 2017;Kuyken, Peters, Power & Lavender, 1998;Vredenburgh et al, 1999). Longitudinal studies are important with clinical psychology trainees and, generally, with clinical psychologists (McCormack et al, 2018), because cross-sectional studies only show a static picture of the situation.…”

Section: Palabras Clavementioning

confidence: 89%

“…Síntomas emocionales, depresión, estrés, practicantes en psicología clínica, estudiantes universitarios Training in clinical psychology usually involves intensive theoretical and practical work, guided by a clinical supervisor, and it is broadly acknowledged as a stressful experience (e.g., Cartwright & Gardner, 2016;Kaeding et al, 2017;Volpe et al, 2014). Specifically, clinical psychology trainees often face stressors such as dealing with patients' suffering, lack of time, financial issues, self-doubts, poor supervision, academic and research workload, perceived competition between colleagues, or attending to patients with severe suicidal ideation (e.g., Cushway, 1992;El-Ghoroury, Galper, Sawaqdeh, & Bufka, 2012;Galvin & Smith, 2015;Hill, Sullivan, Knox, & Schlosser, 2007).…”

Section: Palabras Clavementioning

confidence: 99%

The increase in emotional symptoms of novice clinical psychology trainees compared with a control cohort

Ruiz¹,

Sierra²,

Dereix-Calonge³

2019

RLP

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Cross-sectional research has shown that clinical psychology trainees usually face a wide range of stressors related to the clinical practice and tend to present higher distress than other psychology students. However, to our knowledge, no longitudinal study has been conducted analysing this fact. Specifically, this study analyses the evolution of emotional symptoms among a group of novice clinical psychology trainees compared with a control cohort. We recruited 575 Colombian Psychology undergraduates: 52.9% were in the semester in which they began their clinical practice, and 47.1% were attending a regular semester. At the beginning of the semester (T1), participants responded to measures of emotional symptoms (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, DASS-21; General Health Questionnaire-12, GHQ-12). Approximately two months later (T2), participants responded to the DASS-21 and GHQ-12. The two groups did not differ in their scores on the DASS-21 and the GHQ-12 at T1. Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVA showed that clinical psychology trainees showed higher increases in scores on the DASS-Total, DASS-Depression, and DASS-Stress than participants attending a regular semester. This is the first study that shows clinical psychology trainees experiencing a higher increase in emotional symptoms compared with a control cohort.

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“…Originally, burnout was investigated among helping professionals such as nurses, psychologists and physicians and among educational staff, mostly teachers (for review see National Academy of Medicine 2019; Kaeding et al 2017). School psychologists are trained in a variety of treatment and diagnostic methods in order to provide services to a range of educational settings.…”

Section: Burnout Among School Psychologistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense of coherence and burnout among school psychologists: The moderating role of loneliness

et al. 2020

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School psychologist have been considered at a high risk for developing work burnout due to their multiple responsibilities, overload and engagement in caring for children, families and professionals. In line with the salutogenic approach, the aim of the current research was to investigate protective and risk factors to burnout. Research has indicated that sense of coherence (SOC) may act as a protective factor. Studies reported that loneliness has been found a risk factor that may advance burnout. The current study hypothesized that loneliness may moderate the link between SOC and burnout. In a sample of 104 Israeli school psychologists, demographic aspects such as the gender, years of experience, or type of school in which they work did not predict the burnout, focusing on the importance of emotional aspects. The analysis demonstrated that the SOC was negatively associated with burnout among low or mean levels of loneliness, but not among psychologists with high levels of loneliness. The current study provides a new insight into the burnout risk, through the focus on personal resources and social perceptions. Implications for theoretical and practices are further discussed.

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Professional Burnout, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Physical Health in Clinical and Counselling Psychology Trainees

Abstract: The current study contributes to our understanding of the role of the US EMS in the evolution of burnout in trainees and has implications for the development of self-awareness training programs for this population.

Cited by 43 publications

References 77 publications

Burnout amongst clinical and counselling psychologist: The role of early maladaptive schemas and coping modes as vulnerability factors

Burnout amongst clinical and counselling psychologist: The role of early maladaptive schemas and coping modes as vulnerability factors

The increase in emotional symptoms of novice clinical psychology trainees compared with a control cohort

Sense of coherence and burnout among school psychologists: The moderating role of loneliness

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