“…Male students scored higher on the caring subscale, as did employed students, bridging students, and those studying in private universities. Nursing students in our study scored similarly or higher than students in some previous studies (e.g., Alboliteeh, 2019, from Saudi Arabia; Sharif et al, 2018, from Pakistan) but lower than students in other studies (e.g., Chisholm-Ford et al, 2016, from Jamaica; Leners et al, 2006; Weis & Schank, 2000, from the United States). For Alboliteeh (2019), the caring subscale mean score was 3.37, activism was 3.28, and professionalism was 3.21, lower than this study; however, in Iran, Poorchangizi et al (2019b) reported mean scores as follows: caring, 3.85; activism, 3.61; and professionalism, 3.47.…”