Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil

Avanzi, Valéria Miranda; Vicente, Bianca Arão; Beloto, Nayara Carvalho Polido; Gomes-da-Silva, Monica Maria; Ribeiro, Cléa Elisa Lopes; Tuon, Felipe Francisco; Vidal, Luíne Rosele Renaud; Nogueira, Meri Bordignon; Raboni, Sônia Mara

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0450-2016

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our study corroborates the results of these studies. In addition, the results of the present study were in accordance with previous investigations, which report that B recombinant and CRFs of HIV-1 circulate among HIV-coinfected patients (12,35) . The detailed dynamics of HIV subtypes viral propagation in the study region is not well understood, although two phylogeographic studies have demonstrated possible routes for the origin and spread of subtype C in the Southern region of the country (36,37) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, there have been a few studies showing the genetic variability of HIV-1 among patients with HIV-hepatitis coinfections. A study in HIV-coinfected patients in Brazil reported that HIV-1 subtype C and B were present in 47.4% and 31.6% of HIV-coinfected patients, respectively (35) ; another Brazilian study reported that HIV-1 subtype B was the most prevalent (12) . Our study corroborates the results of these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of HCV Genotypes and Hiv-Subtypes Among Hiv-Coinfected Patients in Southern Brazil

Silva

Peder

Thomazella

et al. 2019

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) are the two most common infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of HIV subtypes and HCV genotypes in HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out into two reference centers in Southern Brazil between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2016. The Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II system was used for routine diagnostics to determine the HCV genotype based on dual-target real-time PCR. Proviral HIV-1 RNA was extracted from serum samples and fragments of the pol gene were generated by PCR. The HIV-1 PT and RT gene sequences were submitted to Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic analysis by collecting reference sequences from the HIV-1 group M subtype of the Los Alamos database. RESULTS: During the study period, 3340 patients with HIV were diagnosed at both referral centers, of which 4.97% (166/3340) had HBV and/or HCV coinfection. Seroprevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV was 37.4%, 58.4%, and 4.2%, respectively. HIV-HCV-coinfected patients had a lower median nadir CD4+ T-cell count when compared to HIV-HBV-coinfected patients (P=0.01). Among those coinfected with HCV, HCV-1 (HCV-1) and HCV-3 (HCV-3) genotypes were the most prevalent, being detected in 73.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Among the HCV-1 coinfected patients, 79.3% and 20.1% had subtypes 1a and 1b, respectively. HIV subtype B was the most prevalent in HIV-coinfected patients. There was no significant difference regarding nadir CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load when compared to coinfected with HCV-1 with HCV-3, as well as those co-infected with HCV-1a with HCV-1b. CONCLUSION: In the present study, a higher frequency of subtype B of HIV and HCV-1 were found in HIV-coinfected patients. Further larger-scale and long-term studies are needed to better understand the effect of HCV genotypes in HIV-infected patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of HCV Genotypes and Hiv-Subtypes Among Hiv-Coinfected Patients in Southern Brazil

Silva

Peder

Thomazella

et al. 2019

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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“…The predominant HIV-1 subtype was subtype B. A study from Brazil showed that the major subtypes of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infection were subtypes B and C, respectively (27). Different subtypes may be seen in circulation in Turkey, especially in the cosmopolitan cities, because Turkey is a country that receives immigrants daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections

Sayan¹,

Özgüler²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2020

Balkan Med J

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Background: Because of their similar modes of transmission, the simultaneous infection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus are increasingly seen as a big problem related to human health. Aims: To determine the drug mutations in hepatitis B virus and/ or hepatitis C virus co-infected human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients in Turkey. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: The present study was conducted between 2010 and 2017. HBsAg, anti-hepatitis C virus, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus were tested with ELISA. All anti-human immunodeficiency virus positive results by ELISA were verified for anti-human immunodeficiency virus positivity by a Western blot test, and Antihuman immunodeficiency virus positive patients with HBsAg and/or anti-hepatitis C virus positivity were included in the study. Subtyping and genotypic resistance analyses were performed by population sequencing of the viral protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 pol gene. Results: We detected 3896 human immunodeficiency virus-1 positive patients whose sera were sent from numerous hospitals across the country to our polymerase chain reaction unit for detection of drug resistance mutations and whose molecular laboratory tests were completed. Viral hepatitis co-infections were detected in 4.3% (n=170) of patients. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection were observed in 3.2% and 0.5% of all human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected patients, respectively. The major human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype detected was group M, subtype B (62.9%). However, 13.5% of drug resistance mutation motifs were found in human immunodeficiency virus-1 genomes of patients included in the study. Conclusion: Due to similar transmission routes, HIV1 patients are at risk of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection. However, antiretroviral drug resistance mutation model is similar to patients with hepatitis negative.

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“…Currently, other CCR5 blockers (e.g., cenicriviroc, leronlimab) are being tested to treat HIV infection and other inflammatory conditions, and maraviroc emerges as a potential drug to treat other diseases involving CCR5, especially some types of cancer (77). In Brazil, CCR5 blockers represent a good choice for HIV treatment, since most of the circulating viral strains show CCR5 tropism (78)(79)(80). Based on the scenario presented above, Figure 1 shown an alluvial diagram representing the classic outcomes associated with the CCR5D32, including "desirable" and "undesirable" effects.…”

Section: Pivotal Information Regarding the Ccr5d32 Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population

Kulmann-Leal

Ellwanger

2021

Front. Immunol.

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The genetic background of Brazilians encompasses Amerindian, African, and European components as a result of the colonization of an already Amerindian inhabited region by Europeans, associated to a massive influx of Africans. Other migratory flows introduced into the Brazilian population genetic components from Asia and the Middle East. Currently, Brazil has a highly admixed population and, therefore, the study of genetic factors in the context of health or disease in Brazil is a challenging and remarkably interesting subject. This phenomenon is exemplified by the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, a 32 base-pair deletion in the CCR5 gene. CCR5Δ32 originated in Europe, but the time of origin as well as the selective pressures that allowed the maintenance of this variant and the establishment of its current frequencies in the different human populations is still a field of debates. Due to its origin, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is high in European-derived populations (~10%) and low in Asian and African native human populations. In Brazil, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is intermediate (4-6%) and varies on the Brazilian States, depending on the migratory history of each region. CCR5 is a protein that regulates the activity of several immune cells, also acting as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. The CCR5 expression is influenced by CCR5Δ32 genotypes. No CCR5 expression is observed in CCR5Δ32 homozygous individuals. Thus, the CCR5Δ32 has particular effects on different diseases. At the population level, the effect that CCR5Δ32 has on European populations may be different than that observed in highly admixed populations. Besides less evident due to its low frequency in admixed groups, the effect of the CCR5Δ32 variant may be affected by other genetic traits. Understanding the effects of CCR5Δ32 on Brazilians is essential to predict the potential use of pharmacological CCR5 modulators in Brazil. Therefore, this study reviews the impacts of the CCR5Δ32 on the Brazilian population, considering infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Finally, this article provides a general discussion concerning the impacts of a European-derived variant, the CCR5Δ32, on a highly admixed population.

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Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Profile of HCV Genotypes and Hiv-Subtypes Among Hiv-Coinfected Patients in Southern Brazil

Profile of HCV Genotypes and Hiv-Subtypes Among Hiv-Coinfected Patients in Southern Brazil

Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections

CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population

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