Profiles of Human Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China

Chen, Qian; Zhang, Qihua; Hu, Zizhong

doi:10.1017/dmp.2018.155

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, measures must be taken to prevent HFMD in these key population groups. There was a difference in gender-speci c hospital admission, the same results were reported in previous study [31][32][33], Although infection rates between males and females are comparable, males are more likely to develop symptoms, more involved in the propagation of outbreaks, and more likely to be brought in for medical care than females [30], the reason for the differences observed in gender is not known exactly. The cases of hospitalized HFMD tended to arise in the warmer season (summer and autumn) of the year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Association of PM2.5 and its components with lengths of hospital stay for hand foot and mouth disease in children

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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BackgroundHand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern. Studies on air pollution and the lengths of hospital stay (LOS) of HFMD are scarce. MethodsWe characterized the clinic demographic features of 5135 hospitalized HFMD in Nanjing, China from 2012 to 2017, and analyzed the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 as well as its components (OM, BC, SO4 2− , NH4 + , NIT, SOIL and SS) and the LOS of HFMD. ResultsAmong them 98.62% were aged 0-6 years old, and 3772 (73.46%) were hospitalized for seven days or less. The LOS of HFMD children was different in different ages, illness onset years and illness onset seasons (P<0.01). For per IQR increase in PM 2.5 concentrations, LOS of HFMD increased by 0.52(0.33, 0.71), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31-0.69) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28-0.65) day in adjusted models at lag 3 days, lag 7days and lag 14 days, respectively. In addition, per IQR increase of BC, SO 4 2− , NH 4 + , NIT and SOIL were also signi cantly associated with the LOS of HFMD. ConclusionsOur ndings corroborated the hypothesis that short-term PM 2.5 exposure was associated with increased the LOS of HFMD, and its components (BC, SO 4 2− , NH 4 + , NIT and SOIL) of PM 2.5 might play a key role in the prolonged LOS of HFMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Association of PM2.5 and its components with lengths of hospital stay for hand foot and mouth disease in children

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…During 2008~2013 after the epidemics of HFMD, EV‐A71 and CV‐A16 were the predominant pathogens causing outbreaks of HFMD in China . While the incidence of HFMD caused by EV‐A71 decreased from 2013 and remained low in many provinces thereafter . This may be due to the use of EV‐A71 vaccines in China, which have been shown to prevent more than 90% of HFMD and 80% of other disease symptoms caused by EV‐A71.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60,61 While the incidence of HFMD caused by EV-A71 decreased from 2013 and remained low in many provinces thereafter. 22,[62][63][64][65] This may be due to the use of EV-A71 vaccines in China, [66][67][68] which have been shown to prevent more than 90% of HFMD and 80% of other disease symptoms caused by EV-A71.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and meta‐analysis of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of coxsackievirus A6 causing hand‐foot‐mouth disease in China and global implications

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2019

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Coxsackievirus A6 (CV‐A6) has been associated with increasingly occurred sporadic hand‐foot‐mouth disease (HFMD) cases and outbreak events in many countries. In order to understand epidemiological characteristics of CV‐A6, we collected the information describing HFMD caused by CV‐A6 to describe the detection rate, severe rate and onychomadesis rate, which is defined as one or more nails defluvium, caused by CV‐A6 from 2007 to 2017. The results showed that there was an outbreak of CV‐A6 every other year, and overall trend of the epidemic of CA6‐associated HFMD was increasing in China. The detection rate of CV‐A6 in other countries was 32.0% (95% CI: 25.0%~40.0%) before 2013 and 28.0% (95% CI: 20.0%~36.0%) after 2013, respectively. Although the severe rate of HFMD caused by CV‐A6 was low (0.10%, 95% CI: 0.01%~0.20%), CV‐A6 can cause a high incidence of onychomadesis (28.0%, 95%CI: 21.9%‐34.3%). Thus, it would be worthwhile to research and develop an effective multivalent vaccine for CV‐A6 to achieve a more powerful prevention of HMFD.

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“…The disease is characterized with lesions on the skin and oral mucosa, and is generally self-limited within a few days. However, clinical complications may occur, and include encephalitis, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, pulmonary edema, acute flaccid paralysis and even death ( Chen Q. et al, 2019 ). HFMD is now endemic in the Asia-Pacific region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxsackievirus A16 in Southern Vietnam

et al. 2021

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Background: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Most recent HFMD outbreaks have been caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), CVA10, and CVA6. There has been no report regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of CVA16 in Vietnam. Such knowledge is critical to inform the development of intervention strategies.Materials and Methods: From 2011 to 2017, clinical samples were collected from in- and outpatients enrolled in a HFMD research program conducted at three referral hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Throat or rectal swabs positive for CVA16 with sufficient viral load were selected for whole genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis.Results: Throughout the study period, 320 CVA16 positive samples were collected from 2808 HFMD patients (11.4%). 59.4% of patients were male. The median age was 20.8 months (IQR, 14.96–31.41). Patients resided in HCMC (55.3%), Mekong Delta (22.2%), and South East Vietnam (22.5%). 10% of CVA16 infected patients had moderately severe or severe HFMD. CVA16 positive samples from 153 patients were selected for whole genome sequencing, and 66 complete genomes were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Vietnamese CVA16 strains belong to a single genogroup B1a that clusters together with isolates from China, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, France and Australia. The CVA16 strains of the present study were circulating in Vietnam some 4 years prior to its detection in HFMD cases.Conclusion: We report for the first time on the molecular epidemiology of CVA16 in Vietnam. Unlike EV-A71, which showed frequent replacement between subgenogroups B5 and C4 every 2–3 years in Vietnam, CVA16 displays a less pronounced genetic alternation with only subgenogroup B1a circulating in Vietnam since 2011. Our collective findings emphasize the importance of active surveillance for viral circulation in HFMD endemic countries, critical to informing outbreak response and vaccine development.

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Profiles of Human Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Association of PM2.5 and its components with lengths of hospital stay for hand foot and mouth disease in children

Association of PM2.5 and its components with lengths of hospital stay for hand foot and mouth disease in children

A review and meta‐analysis of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of coxsackievirus A6 causing hand‐foot‐mouth disease in China and global implications

Coxsackievirus A16 in Southern Vietnam

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