Profiles of novel high-molecular-weight synthetic antioxidants in urine and associated child exposure in China

Xu, Yaqian; Hu, Yu; Wang, Xin; Wei, Xianping; Zhu, Qingqing; Hu, Ligang; Liao, Chunyang; Jiang, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161844

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…8−10 To date, both LMW SPAs and MHPAs have been widely detected across multiple environmental media worldwide. 11−15 Additionally, LMW HPAs have been confirmed pervasively present in human fluids, including blood, 16,17 urine, 18,19 and follicular fluid. 20 Increasing pieces of evidence show that HPAs, in particular MHPAs (e.g., AO 1076), can cause multiple toxicities, including developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, 21,22 which have raised concern for these novel chemicals.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Representative LMW HPAs include the well-known 2,6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2,4-di- tert -butyl-phenol (DBP) . In recent 20 years, to improve the performance of HPAs and slow their migration from products, a large number of BHT-derived MHPAs, represented by octadecyl-3-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (AO 1076), have been introduced into the market. − To date, both LMW SPAs and MHPAs have been widely detected across multiple environmental media worldwide. − Additionally, LMW HPAs have been confirmed pervasively present in human fluids, including blood, , urine, , and follicular fluid . Increasing pieces of evidence show that HPAs, in particular MHPAs (e.g., AO 1076), can cause multiple toxicities, including developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, , which have raised concern for these novel chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Liang,

Ge,

Deng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their environmental ubiquity. However, lactational exposure to these emerging contaminants of current concern remains unknown. In this study, 21 amine antioxidants, 18 macromolecular hindered phenol antioxidants, 3 organophosphite antioxidants, and 2 p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) were integrated into a dedicated screening in human milk from South China. Among all 42 target AOs, 19 were detected, but no PPD-Qs were detected in any of the samples. Eight AOs, including N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), were frequently detected in more than half of the samples. The summed concentrations of all detectable AOs in human milk ranged from 133 to 7,560 pg/mL, with a median of 713 pg/mL. Significant correlations were observed among the concentrations of amine and phenol antioxidants. The preliminary risk assessment revealed that under the high exposure scenario, the overall daily intake of all identified AOs through breastfeeding might pose a non-negligible health risk to newborns. This study is the first to attempt to comprehensively identify a wide range of emerging AOs prevalent in human milk. The findings call for urgent concern for infant exposure to these widely used but less well evaluated chemicals and a possible increased accumulative risk in the future.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Liang,

Ge,

Deng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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show abstract

“…Most have a large, sterically hindered hydrophobic group with a molecular weight greater than 500 Da (Table S1), such as pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di -tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (AO 1010) and octadecyl-3-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (AO 1076). These emerging SPAs have also been highly abundant in some environmental or human samples such as indoor dust, e-waste dust, food, and urine, − raising the importance of further exploring their occurrence, fate, and human exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquity of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Children’s Cerebrospinal Fluid from South China: First Evidence for Their Penetration across the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Du,

Deng,

Luo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) and relevant transformation products (TPs) are potentially neurotoxic pollutants to which humans are widely exposed. However, their penetration behavior across the brain barrier and associated exposure to the central nervous system (CNS) remain unknown. This study is the first to investigate a wide range of 30 SPAs and TPs, including emerging SPAs, in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children in Guangzhou, China. Sixty-two children of either sex aged <14 years with nonbloody CSF and complete clinical information were included. The findings demonstrated the ubiquitous occurrence of many SPAs and TPs, particularly BHT, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DBP), AO 1010, AO 1076, BHT-Q, and BHT-quinol, not only in serum but also in the CSF. Median total concentrations of SPAs and TPs were up to 22.0 and 2.63 ng/mL in serum and 14.5 and 2.11 ng/mL in CSF, respectively. On calculating the penetration efficiencies across the blood−CSF barrier (BCSFB) (R CSF/serum , C CSF /C serum) for selected SPAs and TPs, their R CSF/serum values (median 0.52− 1.41) were highly related to their physicochemical properties, indicating that passive diffusion may be the potential mechanism of BCSFB penetration. In addition, the R CSF/serum values were positively correlated with the barrier permeability index R Alb (Albumin CSF /Albumin serum ), indicating that barrier integrity is an important determinant of BCSFB penetration. Overall, these results will improve our perception of human internal exposure to SPAs and lay a solid foundation for assessing the risk of CNS exposure to various SPAs.

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Emerging organophosphite and organophosphate esters in takeaway food and the implications for human exposure

Zhou,

Geng,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Profiles of novel high-molecular-weight synthetic antioxidants in urine and associated child exposure in China

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Occurrence of Multiple Classes of Emerging Synthetic Antioxidants, Including p-Phenylenediamines, Diphenylamines, Naphthylamines, Macromolecular Hindered Phenols, and Organophosphites, in Human Milk: Implications for Infant Exposure

Ubiquity of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Children’s Cerebrospinal Fluid from South China: First Evidence for Their Penetration across the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Emerging organophosphite and organophosphate esters in takeaway food and the implications for human exposure

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