Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, organochlorine pesticides, and butyltins in southern sea otters and their prey

Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Kajiwara, Natsuko; Watanabe, M.; Nakata, Haruhiko; Thomas, Nancy J.; Stephenson, Mark; Jessup, David A.; Tanabe, Shinsuke

doi:10.1897/03-53

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In a compromised ecosystem, trophic accumulation of pollutants (Kannan et al 2004), pesticides (Newton 1979), and fecal coliforms (Blackburn et al 2010) can occur, threatening a guild that already exists at lower densities. In this investigation, diet appears to be an important factor in the accumulation of resistance, where resistance was higher in carnivores (leopard, crocodile, otter, and hyena), followed by omnivores (baboon, banded mongoose, vervet monkey, and warthog) and last, herbivores (all others).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FROM WHENCE THEY CAME—ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANTESCHERICHIA COLIIN AFRICAN WILDLIFE

Jobbins

Alexander

2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is arguably the most important threat to human and animal health. The impacts of antimicrobial use can reach far from the site of prescription and wildlife may serve as a conduit for the movement of resistance across landscapes, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance within and between different reservoirs. We compared antimicrobial resistance and life history among wild and domestic species in Chobe, Botswana to explore key attributes and behaviors that may increase exposure and allow resistance to move between humans, animals, and ecosystems. Among 150 fecal samples evaluated from African animals, 41.3% contained Escherichia coli isolates that were resistant to one or two of 10 tested antibiotics, and 13.3% of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (three or more antibiotics). Resistance to each of the 10 tested antibiotics was detected among wildlife fecal samples. Resistance was widespread, but not ubiquitous, and isolates from wildlife demonstrated similar patterns of resistance to human E. coli from environmental and clinical sources in the study area. Multidrug resistance was significantly higher in carnivores, water-associated species, and species inhabiting urban areas, suggesting that life history may be key to understanding exposure patterns and transmission dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FROM WHENCE THEY CAME—ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANTESCHERICHIA COLIIN AFRICAN WILDLIFE

Jobbins

Alexander

2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Contaminant accumulation is also strongly influenced by metabolic physiology, which regulates clearance rates of the compounds from the body (Chappell 1992) and biotransformation of parent compounds to sometimes more toxic metabolites (Kannan et al 2004). Life span and adult body size are often (but by no means universally) positively correlated, whereas basal metabolism (metabolic rate per unit body mass) tends to scale as an inverse allometric function with body size (West et al 2002).…”

Section: Life History and Exposure Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, high metabolic rates in small species (or in juveniles, which tend to have higher metabolic rates than adults; Glazier 2005) can lead to rapid biotransformation of parent compounds to toxic metabolites (Kannan et al 2004), elevating concentrations of circulating toxic compounds while reducing storage of the parent compounds. Thus the influences of metabolic physiology on bioaccumulation are complex and vary considerably as a result of interactions among body size and life span (not to mention extrinsic factors such as temperature; Glazier 2005), themselves not necessarily being similarly related among taxa or life history strategies (Speakman 2005).…”

Section: Life History and Exposure Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I avoid making direct comparisons with other life history types (short-lived or r-selected) because empirical comparisons among species possessing disparate life history strategies are inherently confounded by physiological (e.g., capacity for metabolism of contaminants or clearance from the body; Chappell 1992, Kannan et al 2004) and autecological (trophic position) differences, and interactions among duration of exposure (astronomical time) and age or ontogenetic status of the individuals (physiological time). For example, an experiment comparing the effects of a controlled exposure duration (1 year, for instance) on species possessing different natural life spans (1 and 10 years, for instance) would be confounded by the fact that the short-lived species experiences a full lifetime of exposure, whereas the long-lived species is exposed for only one-tenth of its lifetime.…”

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confidence: 99%

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“The Calamity of So Long Life”: Life Histories, Contaminants, and Potential Emerging Threats to Long-lived Vertebrates

Rowe¹

2008

BioScience

106

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Articles Reproductive fitness, the probability that an individual will produce viable offspring of equal or greater replacement value, provides an avenue by which environmental influences on individuals transcend to population and higher-order phenomena. Life history strategies represent the suite of traits that optimize reproductive fitness of individuals within the environmental and phylogenetic constraints imposed on the species during its evolutionary history. A species' life history strategy is shaped by trade-offs among alternative, attainable expressions of traits, including (but not limited to) life span; time to maturation; number of lifetime breeding events; and parental investment in offspring number, size or energy content, or care (Stearns 1989, Congdon et al. 2001. The combination of traits and the specific expressions that optimize fitness are unique to a species, yet have classically been broadly categorized as "r-selected" or "K-selected" life history strategies (Pianka 1970). While these categorizations represent theoretical extremes bounding a vast diversity of trait combinations found in nature, and thus no realized life history strategy represents an "ideal" r-or K-selected strategy, the categorizations are conceptually useful for broadly assessing potential environmental influences on fitness resulting from a particular life history strategy.Species that possess r-selected strategies tend to be opportunistic, short-lived, rapid to mature, and semelparous (breeding only once), producing large numbers of small offspring. Such species typically exploit rapidly changing environmental conditions and are capable of establishing populations quickly in novel environments (Pianka 1970). Relative to r-selected species, those employing K-selected life history strategies are long-lived, slow to mature, iteroparous (breeding multiple times), and typically make large per capita parental investments in few offspring during a given breeding event (Pianka 1970). This life history strategy is optimized for environmental conditions that on average are relatively stable over an individual's long reproductive lifetime, yet it is resilient to periodic, stochastic fluctuations in habitat quality that may compromise a given breeding event (a "bet-hedging" strategy; Stearns 1976).Persistent, synthetic contaminants were developed and have been used widely only in the past century, yet already their use has resulted in contamination of habitats on a global scale (e.g., Schwarzenbach et al. 2006). Synthetic compounds such as organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated fire retardants (brominated diphenyl ethers, or BDEs) can persist in the environment for decades, Christopher L. Rowe (e-mail: rowe@cbl.umces.edu

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“…The risk of DDT flow into agricultural and www.intechopen.com Semi Aquatic Top-Predators as Sentinels of Diversity and Dynamics of Pesticides in Aquatic Food Webs: The Case of Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) in Loire … 291 aquatic systems or wild environment of these countries was recently underlined (UNEP, 2008). Due to environmental stability and persistence of DDT and metabolites, and probably following post-ban use of old stocks, these compounds are still present in environment and were recently detected in otters or ospreys (Kannan et al 2004;Lemarchand et al 2007Lemarchand et al , 2010Henny et al 2008). For this latter species, continuing of DDT use in some developing countries is an additional threat during the wintering period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%