Profiling of Organic Compounds in Bioethanol Samples of Different Nature and the Related Fractions

Abstract

Forty-one bioethanol real samples and related fractions, together with a biobutanol sample, have been analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to either mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or flame ionization detection (GC–FID). Bioethanol with different water contents, samples originated from several sources of biomass, first- as well as second-generation specimens, distillation fractions, samples stocked in containers made of four different materials, and, finally, a biobutanol sample have been analyzed. The number of the compounds found through GC–MS has been 130, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, nitrogen compounds, organic acids, furane derivates as well as other species (e.g., limonene). Afterward, a quantitative determination of major components of bioethanol has been carried out. The achieved results have revealed that, besides ethanol and, in some cases, water, species such as acetaldehyde, methanol, and higher alcohols, as well as 1,1-diethoxyethane, may be present at concentrations above 500 mg L –1 . While the source of bioethanol (nature of the raw material, ethanol generation, or water content) has a direct impact on its volatile organic compound (VOC) profile, the material of the container where the biofuel has been stored does not play a significant role. Finally, the results have demonstrated that, for a given production process, different distillation fractions contain unequal VOC profiles.

Pemanfaatan Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sebagai Bioetanol Generasi Dua (G2) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Ragi Melalui Metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)

“…Rendahnya kandungan etanol dan tingginya kandungan air disebabkan karena proses distilasi yang belum optimal, sehingga perlu dilakukan distilasi berulang untuk mencapai konsentrasi etanol yang sesuai. Keberadaan air dalam konsentrasi yang cukup tinggi dapat menyebabkan bahan bakar sulit terbakar [36,37]. Selain itu, adanya kandungan metanol diketahui sebagai produk samping dari hasil fermentasi.…”

Python-Based Algorithm for Estimating the Parameters of Physical Property Models for Substances Not Available in Database

“…As a result, many unfamiliar components have been identified as impurities in bioethanol products owing to the diversity of the raw materials. 10,11 Recently reported biobased impurities usually lack a properties database, and obtaining measurement data through experiments often requires a substantial amount of resources. Aspen, a commonly used commercial tool for developing bioprocess models, 12 has a comprehensive database of pure component properties.…”

“…The raw materials for bioethanol include not only high-purity feedstocks, such as sugar cane and starch, but also low-purity biomass, such as lignocellulose, which are being used in diverse fields. As a result, many unfamiliar components have been identified as impurities in bioethanol products owing to the diversity of the raw materials. , Recently reported biobased impurities usually lack a properties database, and obtaining measurement data through experiments often requires a substantial amount of resources.…”

Efeito da contaminação microbiana de amostras de matérias-primas no rendimento etanólico da fermentação.

“…O etanol 1G pode ser produzido a partir de fontes sacarinas (cana-de-açúcar e beterraba) e amiláceas (milho e trigo) (BASSO; BASSO; BASSO, 2020;LOPES et al, 2016;PETERS, 2006;SÁNCHEZ et al, 2020). A sacarose é um dissacarídeo hidrolisado em glicose e frutose pela enzima invertase (Figura 1), cuja levedura S.…”

“…Porém, economicamente, os processos atuais de hidrólise do material lignocelulósico restringem a aplicação dessa matéria prima na indústria. Pois, esse tratamento geralmente ocorre em condições extremas de pH ou pela aplicação de enzimas que oneram o custo de produção (AMJAD et al, 2020;DUQUE et al, 2021;SÁNCHEZ et al, 2020). Atualmente, a tecnologia de produção de etanol 1G possui maturidade comercial, enquanto o etanol 2G ainda não é competitivo (BASSO; BASSO; BASSO, 2020;SÁNCHEZ et al, 2020).…”