Progesterone Vaginal Ring for Luteal Support

Abstract

Progesterone supplementation is universally used and has been shown to be beneficial in supplementation of the luteal phase in IVF. There are multiple options and the most commonly used include intramuscular and vaginal progesterone. A progesterone vaginal ring is a novel system for luteal support with advantages of controlled release with less frequent dosing. This review examines options for progesterone luteal support focusing on the rationale for a progesterone vaginal ring. Pub-med search of the literature. A weekly vaginal ring, although not yet FDA approved, is an effective and safe alternative for luteal supplementation in IVF. Large prospective clinical trials are needed to determine the best protocols for replacement cycles.

3D printing of bioactive materials for drug delivery applications

“…Several natural and synthetic polymers of different types have already been examined for the fabrication of various models of DDS. Natural polymers including gelatin, chitosan, and collagen need cross-linkers to become printable; however, the crosslinking agent is quite often cytotoxic [30].…”

“…PVA has been used as a drug carrier in different types of medications like tablets, caplets, or capsules, mostly through the FDM technique. It is devoid of toxic effects and considered generally as safe (GRAS) material by FDA [30]. In FDM printing of PVA-loaded solutions, a relatively high temperature, usually above 180°C, is needed to facilitate the extrusion of filaments through a melt extruder.…”