Prognosis of men with penile metastasis and malignant priapism: a systematic review

Cocci, Andrea; Hakenberg, Oliver W.; Cai, Tommaso; Nesi, Gabriella; Livi, Lorenzo; Detti, Beatrice; Minervini, Andrea; Morelli, Girolamo; Carini, Marco; Serni, Sergio; Gacci, Mauro

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23366

Cited by 49 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Penile metastasis was initially described in 1870; 47 over 460 cases have been reported since then. 8 In around one-fourth of the cases malignant priapism was the first presentation. 7 Peacock was the first one to define malignant priapism in 1938 as persistent erection, unrelated to sexual activity and characterized by malignant cell infiltration into the cavernosal sinuses and related venous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pelvic malignancies account for the majority of the primary sites for penile metastases, predominantly bladder cancer and prostate cancer accounting for almost two-thirds of the cases 49 followed by colorectal cancers accounting for 19% of the pelvic primaries. 8 Extra-pelvic tumours have also been reported in the kidneys, 49 testes, 29,35 lung, 50 pancreas, 51 oesophagus, 52 melanoma, 53 osteogenic sarcoma 54 and sacrococcygeal chondroma. 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, 10 cases of penile metastasis presenting with malignant priapism reported between 2003 and January 2013 in a review by Cocci et al using the same methodology 8 and another 16 cases between 1985 and 1998 reviewed by Chan et al 7 have been included in the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant priapism: Review of the report in three decades

Hosny

Nosseir

Pearce

2020

Journal of Clinical Urology

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Introduction: Priapism is one of the few critical male urological emergencies. There are two main types of priapism, low flow/venous and high flow/arterial priapism. Malignant priapism is a rare subtype of low flow priapism usually secondary to pelvic malignancy, but other extra-pelvic primary cancers cannot be completely excluded. Aim: To assess and highlight the poor prognosis of malignant priapism, with a view to directing management towards both symptomatic relief and improving patients’ quality of life. Method: All reports of malignant priapism between 1998 and 2018 were searched and assessed focusing on the primary cancer, duration of complaint, associated symptoms, method of management and prognosis. Conclusion: Malignant priapism is a rare form of ischaemic priapism, resistant to successful therapies utilized in the management of other forms of ischaemic priapism. Urological cancers are the most common primaries implicated with the most commonly associated symptoms being pain and urinary symptoms. In the absence of any evidence based guidelines and reliably successful treatment options, clinicians should aim to employ supportive treatment strategies including adequate analgesia. Level of evidence: level4

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant priapism: Review of the report in three decades

Hosny

Nosseir

Pearce

2020

Journal of Clinical Urology

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“…Our patient had unusual symptoms of priapism, urine retention and gross hematuria. Previous cases series, mostly presented with painless nodule lesions over the penis, followed by priapism and pain [1, 2, 9]. However, the metastatic manifestation of priapism is uncommon.…”

Section: Discussion and Conslusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile metastasis from recurrent sarcoma in a teenager: a case report

et al. 2019

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Background Metastatic tumors of the penis are uncommon, and fewer than 500 cases have been reported since 1870. Most penile secondary tumors originate in organs of the genitourinary tract, followed by the gastrointestinal tract. Primary tumors of sarcoma origin are extremely rare. Herein, we present a teenager who had recurrent sarcoma of the right femur with penile metastasis. Case presentation The 20-year-old male patient was diagnosed with sarcoma of the right femur when he was 16 days old. He was stable following combination chemotherapy with the VAC regimen (vincristine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide) and debulking surgery. In January 2018, five months ago, he presented with right leg pain and swelling, and a recurrent tumor was found. Following excision of the tumor showed recurrent sarcoma. However, 2 months after the operation, right thigh swelling with tenderness occurred. A firm nodule on the glans of the penis was also noted. Penile metastasis was suspected and a biopsy was performed. The final pathology report disclosed pleomorphic sarcoma with penile metastasis. Symptoms including priapism and inguinal lymph node enlargement progressed rapidly within 2 weeks. He also complained of voiding difficulty with urine retention. The patient died 35 days after admission due to pneumonia with septic shock. Conclusion Penile metasitasis largely occurs from organs in the pelvis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a teenager with a secondary penile tumor, metastasizing from sarcoma of the bone. It presented as a palpable mass, and then progressed into priapism. The patient had a dismal prognosis and the symptoms progressed faster than his physicians anticipated.

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“…Despite the abundant blood supply, penile metastatic cancer, with a poor prognosis of 10-month median survival time, is uncommonly reported no more than 500 cases hitherto [3]. Among these cases, 69% of penile metastases were primarily from urogenital cancers and 19% from gastrointestinal caner [4]. Since Gupta NM reported the first case of penile metastasis from esophageal cancer in 1989, only 9 cases were reported worldwide until now [5–13], which were all case reports without systematical study because of the rarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastasis in penile corpus cavernosum from esophageal squamous carcinoma after curative resection: a case report

Song¹,

Wang

Weng³

2019

BMC Cancer

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Background Metastasis in penile corpus cavernosum from esophageal squamous carcinoma is a rare but fatal disease, which was reported in cases without series studies. Case presentation An 84-year-old male smoker, who had a history of curative resection of esophageal squamous carcinoma 12 months before, presented with aggressive dysuria and penis pain for 1 month. Ultrasonic guided biopsy diagnosed metastatic squamous carcinoma from the primary in the esophagus. The accurately modulated conformal radiotherapy and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs achieved to alleviate the penis pain temporarily. But the disease progressed and disseminated in a short period. He died of multiple metastases and cancer cachexia in 4 months. Conclusions Primary esophageal cancer metastasis to penile corpus cavernosum refers to short onset time of metastasis, extensive dissemination, bad response to treatment and poor prognosis. Palliative therapy to patients with the disease could achieve temporary local symptom relief, but not prolong survival time. More research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanism of esophagheal metastasis.

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Prognosis of men with penile metastasis and malignant priapism: a systematic review

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Malignant priapism: Review of the report in three decades

Malignant priapism: Review of the report in three decades

Penile metastasis from recurrent sarcoma in a teenager: a case report

Metastasis in penile corpus cavernosum from esophageal squamous carcinoma after curative resection: a case report

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