2017
DOI: 10.1177/1758834017719215
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Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in prostate cancer: latest evidence and clinical implications

Abstract: Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms driving castration-resistant prostate cancer have promoted the development of several new drugs including androgen receptor-directed therapy and chemotherapy. Concomitant docetaxel treatment at the beginning of hormonal therapy for metastatic prostate cancer has resulted in longer overall survival than with hormonal therapy alone. Elucidating an appropriate treatment sequence using these therapies is important for maximizing clinical benefit in castration-sensiti… Show more

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Cited by 63 publications
(55 citation statements)
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References 88 publications
(106 reference statements)
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“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is not only the most common urological malignancy, but also the 2nd most incident (age standardized incidence rate of 29.3 per 100,000) and the 6th most deadly (age standardized mortality rate of 7.6 per 100,000) male cancer worldwide [110]. Furthermore, the biggest challenge is perhaps the one related to overtreatment: there is an urgent need for accurate predictive biomarkers of this disease, that may identify which patients will experience disease relapse, requiring more strict follow-up and adjuvant treatments [111]. This is a result, in great part, of the wide access to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, responsible for detecting over 80% of PCa at localized stage, which displays excellent outcome [112].…”
Section: Major Clinical Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is not only the most common urological malignancy, but also the 2nd most incident (age standardized incidence rate of 29.3 per 100,000) and the 6th most deadly (age standardized mortality rate of 7.6 per 100,000) male cancer worldwide [110]. Furthermore, the biggest challenge is perhaps the one related to overtreatment: there is an urgent need for accurate predictive biomarkers of this disease, that may identify which patients will experience disease relapse, requiring more strict follow-up and adjuvant treatments [111]. This is a result, in great part, of the wide access to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, responsible for detecting over 80% of PCa at localized stage, which displays excellent outcome [112].…”
Section: Major Clinical Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…22 Conversely, CTC DNA and cfDNA are a ready source of cancer cell DNA that can be noninvasively collected and profiled longitudinally for molecular analysis for association with outcomes and potential mechanisms of drug resistance. 23,24 However, the concordance of genomic alterations between CTC DNA vs cfDNA is not well established, and data reproducibility and concordance across similar cfDNA platforms has proven to be a major challenge. 12,25 Further, CTCs and cfDNA may represent different sources of tumor tissue and, in theory, could provide unique readouts of cancer biology and tumor heterogeneity over time depending on the specific clinical context and biomarker.…”
Section: Inmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…21,22 However, metastatic biopsies in men with mCRPC are challenging, invasive, may not result in enough metastatic tissue for analysis, and can be limited by tumor heterogeneity or plasticity. 23,24 However, the concordance of genomic alterations between CTC DNA vs cfDNA is not well established, and data reproducibility and concordance across similar cfDNA platforms has proven to be a major challenge. 23,24 However, the concordance of genomic alterations between CTC DNA vs cfDNA is not well established, and data reproducibility and concordance across similar cfDNA platforms has proven to be a major challenge.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Circulating tumor DNA has been shown to be highly concordant to metastatic tissue for detecting somatic variations, and allows for longitudinal monitoring and detection of acquired resistance (16)(17)(18)(19). The use of molecular biomarkers has been successful for patient prognostication and holds the promise to inform treatment selection as predictive biomarkers for mCRPC (20). Currently, the IND.234 trial is applying ctDNA sequencing in second-or third line mCRPC to test pre-defined biomarker-treatment hypothesis for enriched responses that may subsequently be investigated in randomised trials (21).…”
Section: Background and Rationalementioning
confidence: 99%