Prognostic cytogenetic markers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cases from Mansoura Egypt

Abstract

The objective of the work was to evaluate children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) showing resistance to immediate induction chemotherapy in relation to conventional and advanced cytogenetic analysis. The study was conducted on 63 ALL children (40 males and 23 females) with age range 4.5 months-16 years (mean = 7.76 years). They included 37 cases who attained a true remission and 26 complicated by failure of remission, early relapse or death. They were subjected to history, clinical examination and investigations including CBC, BM examination, karyotyping, FISH for translocations and flowcytometry for immunophenotyping and minimal residual disease diagnosis. Cases aged < 5 years; male sex with organomegaly had better remission although statistically insignificant. Initially low HB < 8 gm/dl, high WBCs and platelet counts >50.000/mm(3) also showed better but non-significant remission rates. Most of our cases were L(2) with better remission compared to other immunophenotypes. About 40 informative karyotypes were subdivided into 15 hypodiploid, 10 pseudodiploid, 8 normal diploid and 7 hyperdiploid cases; the best remission rates were noticed among the most frequent ploidy patterns. Chromosomes 9, 11 and 22 were the most frequently involved by structural aberrations followed by chromosomes 5, 12 and 17. Resistance was noted with aberrations not encountered among remission group; deletions involving chromosomes 2p, 3q, 10p and 12q; translocations involving chromosome 5; trisomies of chromosomes 16 and 21; monosomies of 5 and X and inversions of 5 and 11. Our conclusions were that cytogenetic and molecular characterizations of childhood ALL could add prognostic criteria for proper therapy allocation.

Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemia in Iran

“…Low hypo-diploid karyotype (30-44 chro mosomes) were present in 12% of the our cases, which are h igher than those reported by others who considered hypo-diploidy to be a relatively uncommon (>9%) finding in ALL [17,18]. Many studies reported low percent of patients in hypo-diploid group, but some studies [19][20], including our study (12%) found much higher percent of the patient in this group with good remission. In studies in which only cytogenetic investigations are carried out, some hypo-diploid cells may not diagnosed correctly due to presence of many hyper-diploid cells and only after relapse of the disease and repeat investigation of these patients with FISH, or other advanced molecular methods, the true karyotype can be detected.…”

miRNA can be a part of both the onset and cure of Coronary heart disease.

“…In this regard, experiments on miRNA have shown that a single miRNA can play a role in both heart formation and function (( 26), ( 27), ( 28), ( 29)). In the zebrafish (Danio rerio), research has also shown that miRNAs regulate cardiac production by regulating TBX2, CSPG2, and NOTCH1 (30,31). Overall, these findings highlight the several roles that miRNAs play in cardiac growth.…”

G6PD Namoru in Heterozygous Twins—A Case Report

“…False negative rate for G6PD screening is about 4%. 11 If analysis of G6PD is done during, or just after, a hemolytic episode, the result could be falsely normal. In such cases, the analysis has to be done after 90 to 120 after resolution of hemolysis or when there is high clinical suspicion of G6PD, it's recommended to consider sequence analysis of G6PD gene.…”