Prognostic factors and outcome of incompletely resected invasive thymoma following radiation therapy.

Ciernik, I. Frank; Meier, Urs R.; Um, Lütolf

doi:10.1200/jco.1994.12.7.1484

Cited by 94 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Arakawa and associates reported 7 out of the 12 patients who presented with unresectable tumors and were treated with primary radiotherapy only were alive for observation periods from 1 year 8 months to 5 years and 1 month [36]. Ciernik and associates reported similar prognoses when comparing radiation alone to tumor debulking and radiation therapy in 31 stage III and IV patients [43]. Ichinose and associates reported an estimated 5-year survival of 87% in a small group of stage IVA patients treated with radiotherapy alone [44].…”

Section: Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 55%

Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium

et al. 2001

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USA. Telephone: 210-616-5648; Fax: 210-949-5085; e-mail: cthomas@saci.org www: cancerdata.com Received October 11, 2000; accepted for publication May 11, 2001. ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/2001 INTRODUCTIONThymic tumors are common among anterior mediastinal tumors in adults. The vast majority of thymic lesions are thymoma [1]. Thymoma is relatively unique among tumors in that the prognosis appears to be more closely related to the invasive characteristics seen at operation rather than histological appearance. Indeed, the degree of encapsulation and invasion of adjacent tissues define malignancy for these tumors rather than the histologic appearance of the tumor cells [2]. Current treatment of thymoma is often multidisciplinary in nature, and has evolved based upon a growing number of studies to date. These studies have looked at various outcomes based upon associated patient syndromes, tumor histology, and tumor staging, as well as various surgical, radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and multimodality trials. These studies form the basis of this review.

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Section: Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 55%

Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium

et al. 2001

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“…21,28 Similarly, we observed recurrences in follow-up from 6 months to 20 years (mean: 61.8 months) in nine of 20 patients with type A tumors. Blumberg et al 17 reported a recurrence rate of 5% at 5 years, whereas in the series of Ciernik et al, 20 two of the four patients with spindle cell tumors developed local recurrence. In majority of cases, relapses have been intrathoracic, although distant sites of progression include the lung, brain, liver, and thoracic spine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although some promote and anticipate a benign clinical course for these tumors, 6,[12][13][14][15][16] others (ourselves included) consider all thymomas as potentially malignant neoplasms. [1][2]10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Many prior studies have documented malignant behavior in types A and AB thymomas. In our retrospective study of 71 cases of types A and AB thymomas (37 cases with follow-up information available), 18 patients (nine each of types A and AB) developed recurrence and or metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WHO types A and AB thymomas: not always benign

Jain

Mehta

Henley³

et al. 2010

Modern Pathology

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The 2004 WHO classification of thymic tumors recognizes five major subtypes of thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Subtypes A and AB thymomas are purported to be benign neoplasms, although prior studies have suggested a potential for malignant behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical behavior of A and AB thymomas identified from a large institutional pathologic database. A retrospective slide review of 500 thymic epithelial tumors identified 71 (B14%) cases of types A and AB thymomas. Clinical history and follow-up information were obtained through retrospective chart review. There were 38 and 33 cases of types A and AB thymomas, respectively. Complete follow-up data were available in 37 (52%) cases. Eighteen (49%) patients (type A, n ¼ 9 and type AB, n ¼ 9) had evidence of recurrent/metastatic disease at an average of 62 months (range from 6 to 244 months) after initial diagnosis. Survival curves for patients with types A and AB thymomas, with and without recurrences, show a statistically significant difference (P ¼ 0.001 and 0.005, respectively). Analysis of this large cohort confirms the potential for subtypes A and AB thymomas to show malignant behavior. Long-term clinical monitoring, therefore, appears to be justified in these cases. This study also shows the poor correlation between the WHO classification and tumor behavior

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“…In stage 1 tumors with CR, adding RT has not shown any added advantage [29]. PORT is indicated in stage II, III invasive disease as it decreases recurrence rates after CR from 28 % to 5 % [30]. Pollack reported an increase in 5 year disease free survival for stage II to stage IVA from 18 % to 62 % [31].…”

Section: Role Of Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thymic Tumors

Bushan

Sharma

Verma

2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Thymic tumors represent 0.2-1.5 % of all malignancies with an incidence of 0.15 per 100,000 population. Thymic tumors are most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum accounting for 20 % of all mediastinal tumors and 50 % of all anterior mediastinal tumors. Over 90 % of all thymic tumors occur in anterior mediastinum, remainder occurring in neck or other mediastinal areas especially aortopulmonary window and retro cardiac area which are common sites for ectopic thymic tissues and possible explanation for failure in some cases of simple thymectomy to improve Myasthenia Gravis(MG). The aim of this review is to discuss histologic classification, diagnostic features, evaluation, management and prognosis of thymic tumors.

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Prognostic factors and outcome of incompletely resected invasive thymoma following radiation therapy.

Abstract: Tumor debulking leaving macroscopic residual thymoma, as opposed to biopsy alone, does not improve prognosis when followed by radiation. Radiation therapy for local tumor control is most effective in nonepithelial-predominant thymomas.

Cited by 94 publications

References 38 publications

Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium

Thymoma: Update for the New Millenium

WHO types A and AB thymomas: not always benign

A Review of Thymic Tumors

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