Prognostic Factors for the Development of Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in Western countries and is associated with a considerable risk of mortality. Biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy is a relatively common finding, affecting approximately 25% of cases. The aim of our paper was to identify factors that can predict the occurrence of biochemical recurrence, so the patient can be properly counselled pre- and postoperatively. Medline review of the literatures was done followed by a group discussion on the chosen publications and their valuable influence. Preoperative serum total PSA and clinical stage, together with prostatectomy Gleason grade, tumour volume, and perineural and vascular invasions, were the most important variables found to influence outcome.

Molecular signature of cancer stem cells isolated from prostate carcinoma and expression of stem markers in different Gleason grades and metastasis

“…At this stage, the tumor is usually confi ned to the prostate gland and most patients are subjected to radical surgery. However, many of them (around 30%) relapse months after surgery (Kotb and Elabbady 2011). This is a very interesting point, considering that metastasis is a very ineffi cient process, due to less than 1% of the neoplastic cells reaching blood circulation can actually colonize distant organs, and even a smaller percentage produce metastases (Chiang and Massagué 2008).…”

“…If localized, PCa can be cured by surgical treatment. However, more than 30% of patients may relapse after surgery (Kotb and Elabbady 2011). Once disseminated, PCa can be controlled by hormonal treatment (androgen deprivation) and mortality is primarily associated with metastatic disease when patients become resistant to treatments (hormone therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy).…”

BMI1 Polycomb Group Protein Acts as a Master Switch for Growth and Death of Tumor Cells: Regulates TCF4-Transcriptional Factor-Induced BCL2 Signaling

“…CaP is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the western world [2]–[3]. CaP patients (30–50%) exhibit a local or distant recurrence of disease after surgery or therapy [4]–[6]. Although castration is a common treatment option for metastatic CaP, it does not significantly prolong the survival of patients and majority of these patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).…”

Can Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict a High Gleason Score of Prostate Cancer?

“…PC recurrence is often seen after local therapy such as surgery or radiation [16], and its risk factors are well-known [17]. Therefore, treatments are recommended according to guidelines or risk criteria such as D'Amico's classification for standardizing therapeutic strategies for PC.…”