Prognostic Factors in Patients With Metastatic (Stage D2) Prostate Cancer: Experience from the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study-2

Jørgensen, T; Kanagasingam, Yogesan; Kaalhus, Olav; Tveter, Kjell J.; Bryne, Magne; Skjørten, F; Berner, Aasmund; Danielsen, Håvard E.

doi:10.1097/00005392-199707000-00052

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…9,12 In the current study, the median overall survival of patients with Gleason scores .8 was significantly shorter than that of the lower scoring patients, which is consistent with our previous study. 6 Cheville et al 13 and Yigitbasi et al 9 have also reported that among patients with bone metastases, the Gleason score of the primary prostate adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with patient outcome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical features and treatment strategies for older prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis

Yang¹,

Qi²,

Rong³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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To identify the clinical features and independent predictors of survival in older patients with bone metastasis from prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively analysed 205 older patients with bone metastases from PCa between 1997 and 2012. The Kaplan-Meier method was used with the log-rank test for survival rate calculations and to evaluate each variable. Multivariate analysis was performed with the Cox regression model. The chi-squared test was used to compare survival rates between older and younger (n5197) patients. All patients were followed up. The 1-, 2-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 95.5%, 77.5%, 68.5% and 33.7%, respectively. Gleason score, radiotherapy of the primary tumour, the number of bone metastases, the alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, organ metastasis and regional lymph node metastasis were associated with the survival rates. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Gleason score at diagnosis of the primary tumour was a significant predictor of overall survival following the diagnosis of bone metastases. In addition, the overall survival rates of older patients were higher compared with younger patients, but older patients who underwent radiotherapy had higher mortality. These data may serve as a guide for creating clinical prediction models in further studies. INTRODUCTIONProstate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among males in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. 1 Currently, the incidence is rapidly increasing in developing Asian counties such as China. It is the only solid tumour diagnosed with its first recurrence as bone metastases instead of visceral metastases. PCa frequently metastasizes to bone, and treatment with androgen deprivation leads to accelerated bone loss, resulting in clinically relevant skeletal complications associated with disabling symptoms. 2 Among patients who die from PCa, the incidence of skeletal involvement appears to be .85%. 3,4 Eisenberger and Hussain et al. 5 identified baseline covariates that predict the long-term survival of patients with metastatic PCa based on the Southwest Oncology Group criteria. Minimal disease, better Southwest Oncology Group performance status, no bone pain, lower Gleason score and lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were independent factors associated with longer survival. 5 In our previous study, we found that bone metastasis of PCa was more common in older males, 6 but no prognostic factors for these PCa patients were identified. In this retrospective study, the sample size was enlarged and 205 PCa patients older than 70 with bone metastases were included. The patients' clinical features and main prognostic factors, including age, Gleason score, stage, endocrine therapy, castration, radiotherapy, number of bone lesions, PSA and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, neighbouring organ metastasis, regional and remote lymph node metastases, invasion of the surrounding parenchyma and other

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical features and treatment strategies for older prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis

Yang¹,

Qi²,

Rong³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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“…Serum ALP level has been found to be an important prognostic factor in many studies. [15][16][17] Our results agree with the data from the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical features and prognostic factors for patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer

He¹,

Zeng²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

Asian J Androl

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To identify the clinical features and independent predictors of survival in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively analysed 115 PCa patients with bone metastases between 1997 and 2009. The overall survival rate after bone metastases was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were identified by univariate analysis using a log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The follow-up rate was 100%, the follow-up cases during 1, 3 and 5 years were 103, 79 and 55, respectively. The 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 89.1%, 60.9% and 49.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 48.5 months for patients with bone metastases from PCa. In univariate analysis, age, Gleason score, clinical stage, the number of bone lesions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, invasion of neighbouring organs and non-regional lymph node metastases were correlated with prognosis. By multivariate analysis using Cox regression, ALP level, Gleason score and non-regional lymph node metastases were independent prognostic factors. These prognostic factors will help us to determine the appropriate dose and fraction of radiotherapy for these patients. INTRODUCTIONProstate cancer (PCa), the most common carcinoma in the industrialised world, has had increasing incidence in China. It is the only solid tumour diagnosed with its first recurrence as bone metastases instead of visceral metastases. 1 The bones are among the most frequent distant metastatic sites for PCa, occurring in 85%-100% patients. 2 Some studies 3-5 have been undertaken to identify prognostic factors for PCa, but less research has been undertaken on bone metastases regularity, especially on the Chinese mainland.In this retrospective study, 115 cases of PCa with bone metastases were collected, and the clinical features and main prognostic factors, including age, Gleason score, stage, endocrine therapy, castration, radiotherapy, number of bone lesions, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, neighbouring organ metastases, regional and remote lymph node metastases, surrounding parenchyma invaded and other visceral metastases were analysed to determine treatment strategies and to predict the reactions of the patients to treatment.

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“…Other reports suggested prognostic value of serum T level as well as performance status, serum alkaline phosphatase level, the extent of disease grade on bone scan in stage D2 patients [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Until now, however, no testosterone data was available for Japanese men with prostate cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A NUMBER of clinical, endocrinological and pathological prognostic factors for prostate cancer have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Knowledge of these factors will likely contribute to determining the most appropriate therapy for individual patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have identified the relationships between pretreatment serum level of testosterone (T) and clinical stage of the disease, and patient survival, suggesting the potential of pretreatment serum level of T as a prognostic factor for prostate cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Some epidemiological and genetic differences in prostate cancers are known to exist between patients in Japan and the U.S. P53 gene mutational analysis, which often provides information about etiological factors, reveals clear differences for the p53 gene mutational spectra between Japanese and Western cases [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pretreatment Serum Level of Testosterone as a Prognostic Factor in Japanese Men with Hormonally Treated Stage D2 Prostate Cancer.

et al. 2001

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Prognostic Factors in Patients With Metastatic (Stage D2) Prostate Cancer: Experience from the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study-2

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

Clinical features and treatment strategies for older prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis

Clinical features and treatment strategies for older prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis

Clinical features and prognostic factors for patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer

Pretreatment Serum Level of Testosterone as a Prognostic Factor in Japanese Men with Hormonally Treated Stage D2 Prostate Cancer.

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