Prognostic Implications of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Stewart, Merrill; Lavie, Carl J.; Shah, Sangeeta; Englert, Joseph; Gilliland, Yvonne; Qamruddin, Salima; Dinshaw, Homeyar; Cash, Michael; Ventura, Héctor O.; Milani, Richard V.

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.002

Cited by 91 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Overweight and obesity have been embroiled as real‐risk factors for HTN and CHD. This is on the account that obesity has chronic effects on heart structure and LV systolic and, particularly, diastolic activities (Table ) …”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and its cardiovascular effects

Ortega-Loubón

Fernández-Molina

Singh

et al. 2019

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Obesity is described in terms of body fat percentage or body mass index (BMI), despite the fact that these measures do not give full insight about the body fat distribution. It is presently a consistently growing universal challenge since it has tripled in the last 10 years, killing approximately 28 million people each year. In this review, we aim to clarify the different results of obesity on the working and physiology of the cardiovascular system and to reveal changes in the obesity "paradox"-a variety of cardiovascular outcomes in typical/overweight people. Central fat build-up in ordinary/overweight populaces has been related to expanded occurrences of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or all-cause mortality when contrasted with the obese populace. These discoveries are additionally clarified as the abundance and prolonged vulnerability to free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity. This has been believed to cause the myocardial substrate to move from glucose to FFAs digestion, which causes lipid gathering in cardiomyocytes, spilling over to other lean tissues, and prompting a general atherogenic impact. This cardiomyocyte lipid aggregation has been demonstrated to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular hypertrophy, and to lessen the heart functions in general. There is a proof backing the fact that fat tissue is not only an energy reservoir, it also coordinates hormones and proinflammatory cytokines and deals with the energy transition of the body by putting away abundant lipids in diverse tissues.

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Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and its cardiovascular effects

Ortega-Loubón

Fernández-Molina

Singh

et al. 2019

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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“…LVH has already been confirmed to be independently correlated with the deterioration of health and increased risk of cardiovascular death. Additionally, LVH statistically increases the risks of myocardial infarction, dysfunctions of the heart, stroke and sudden cardiac death [5]. One study claimed that homocysteine levels are explicitly associated with cardiac systolic function in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperhomocysteinemia accompany with metabolic syndrome increase the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy in rural Chinese

Chen

Yang

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background: To investigate the influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in residents in rural Northeast China. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional baseline data analysis of 6837 subjects (mean age: 54 ± 10 years) recruited from a rural area of China. Anthropometric indicators were measured according to standard methods. MetS was defined by the modified ATP III criteria. HHcy was defined according to the WHO standard: an Hcy level > 15 μmol/L representing HHcy. Four groups were defined: non-HHcy & non-MetS, HHcy & non-MetS, MetS & non-HHcy and HHcy & MetS. Results: The left ventricular mass index for height 2.7 (LVMH 2.7) in both sexes was significantly higher in the HHcy & MetS group than in the non-HHcy & non-MetS group (females: 51.23 ± 16.34 vs. 40.09 ± 10.55 g-2.7 , P < 0.001; males: 48.67 ± 12.24 g-2.7 vs. 42.42 ± 11.38 g-2.7 , P < 0.001). A similar result was observed in those groups when using the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) for body surface area to define LVH (females: 103.58 ± 31.92 g − 2 vs. 86.63 ± 20.47 g − 2 , P < 0.001; males: 106.10 ± 24.69 g − 2 vs. 98.16 ± 23.29 g − 2 , P < 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the HHcy & MetS group had a higher risk of LVH than the other three groups (OR: 1.628 for LVMI, P < 0.001, OR: 2.433 for LVMH 2.7 , P < 0.001). Moreover, subjects in the HHcy & non-MetS group [OR (95% CI): 1.297 (1.058, 1.591) for LVMI, P < 0.05; OR (95% CI): 1.248 (1.044, 1.492) for LVMH 2.7 , P < 0.05] also had a statistically greater risk of LVH than subjects in the non-HHcy & non-MetS group. The HHcy & non-MetS group was also found to be significantly and independently associated with LVH. Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia has an independent effect on LVH. The combined effect of MetS and hyperhomocysteinemia might increase the strength of the abovementioned effects.

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“…LVH is a HMOD and full-edged cardiovascular risk factor, and it is associated with poor prognostic value [16][17][18][19]. Despite extensive studies, the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy remains incompletely understood [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients: A case-control study

Phanzu

Aliocha

Eleuthère

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Here, we described the associations between parameters of obesity, fasting insulinaemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, parameters of glucose metabolism and lipid disorders and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and the independent variables, the effect of potential confounders was studied by adjustment in multiple linear regression and conditional logistic regression in multivariate analysis. The coefficients of determination (R2), the adjusted ORs and their 95% CIs were calculated to determine the association between LVH and the independent variables. Results: Eighty-eight cases (52 men) were compared to 132 controls (81 men). Nineteen percent (19%) of left ventricular mass (LVM) variation was predicted by age; 31.3%, by the duration of hypertension; 44.4%, by body mass index (BMI); 42.5%, by waist circumference (WC); 20%, by glycaemia; 44.8%, by insulinaemia; and 43.7%, by HOMA-IR. In multiple linear regression analysis, duration of hypertension, BMI, insulinaemia and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of the variability in the increase in LVM. In the logistic model, obesity multiplied the risk of LVH by 3 (aOR: 2.8, 95% CI (1.06-7.4), p = 0.038) and IR by 8 (aOR: 8.4, 95: (3.7-15.7), p <0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and IR appear to be the main predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized with particular attention to obesity and IR. A prospective Black sub-Saharan population-based study with serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role of IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.

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Prognostic Implications of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Cited by 91 publications

References 137 publications

Obesity and its cardiovascular effects

Obesity and its cardiovascular effects

Hyperhomocysteinemia accompany with metabolic syndrome increase the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy in rural Chinese

Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients: A case-control study

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